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Fluo-3, AM *Bulk package* *CAS 121714-22-5*

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Physical properties
Dissociation constant (Kd, nM)390
Molecular weight1129.85
SolventDMSO
Spectral properties
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)86,0001
Excitation (nm)506
Emission (nm)515
Quantum yield0.151
Storage, safety and handling
H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22
StorageFreeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC12352200
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OverviewpdfSDSpdfProtocol


CAS
121714-22-5
Molecular weight
1129.85
Dissociation constant (Kd, nM)
390
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)
86,0001
Excitation (nm)
506
Emission (nm)
515
Quantum yield
0.151
Calcium measurement is critical for numerous biological investigations. Fluorescent probes that show spectral responses upon binding Ca2+ have enabled researchers to investigate changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microplate readers. Fluo-3 and Rhod-2 are most commonly used among the visible light-excitable calcium indicators. Fluo-3 indicators are widely used in flow cytometry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. More recently, Fluo-3, AM has been extensively used in cell-based high-throughput screening assays for functional GPCR assays. Fluo-3 is essentially nonfluorescent unless bound to Ca2+ and exhibits a quantum yield at saturating Ca2+ of ~0.14 and a Kd for Ca2+ of 390 nM.

Platform


Fluorescence microscope

ExcitationFITC
EmissionFITC
Recommended plateBlack wall/clear bottom

Fluorescence microplate reader

Excitation490
Emission525
Cutoff515
Recommended plateBlack wall/clear bottom
Instrument specification(s)Bottom read mode/Programmable liquid handling

Example protocol


PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTIONS

Unless otherwise noted, all unused stock solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20 °C after preparation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Fluo-3 AM Stock Solution
  1. Prepare a 2 to 5 mM stock solution of Fluo-3 AM in high-quality, anhydrous DMSO.

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

Fluo-3 AM Working Solution
  1. On the day of the experiment, either dissolve Fluo-3 AM in DMSO or thaw an aliquot of the indicator stock solution to room temperature.

  2. Prepare a 2 to 20 µM Fluo-3 AM working solution in a buffer of your choice (e.g., Hanks and Hepes buffer) with 0.04% Pluronic® F-127. For most cell lines, Fluo-3 AM at a final concentration of 4-5 μM is recommended. The exact concentration of indicators required for cell loading must be determined empirically.

    Note: The nonionic detergent Pluronic® F-127 is sometimes used to increase the aqueous solubility of Fluo-3 AM. A variety of Pluronic® F-127 solutions can be purchased from AAT Bioquest.

    Note: If your cells contain organic anion-transporters, probenecid (1-2 mM) may be added to the dye working solution (final in well concentration will be 0.5-1 mM) to reduce leakage of the de-esterified indicators. A variety of ReadiUse™ Probenecid products, including water-soluble, sodium salt, and stabilized solutions, can be purchased from AAT Bioquest.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

Following is our recommended protocol for loading AM esters into live cells. This protocol only provides a guideline and should be modified according to your specific needs.

  1. Prepare cells in growth medium overnight.
  2. On the next day, add 1X Fluo-3 AM working solution to your cell plate.

    Note: If your compound(s) interfere with the serum, replace the growth medium with fresh HHBS buffer before dye-loading.

  3. Incubate the dye-loaded plate in a cell incubator at 37 °C for 30 to 60 minutes.

    Note: Incubating the dye for longer than 2 hours can improve signal intensities in certain cell lines.

  4. Replace the dye working solution with HHBS or buffer of your choice (containing an anion transporter inhibitor, such as 1 mM probenecid, if applicable) to remove any excess probes.
  5. Add the stimulant as desired and simultaneously measure fluorescence using either a fluorescence microscope equipped with a FITC filter set or a fluorescence plate reader containing a programmable liquid handling system such as an FDSS, FLIPR, or FlexStation, at 490/525 nm cutoff 515 nm.

Calculators


Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of Fluo-3, AM *Bulk package* *CAS 121714-22-5* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

0.1 mg0.5 mg1 mg5 mg10 mg
1 mM88.507 µL442.537 µL885.073 µL4.425 mL8.851 mL
5 mM17.701 µL88.507 µL177.015 µL885.073 µL1.77 mL
10 mM8.851 µL44.254 µL88.507 µL442.537 µL885.073 µL

Molarity calculator

Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.

Mass (Calculate)Molecular weightVolume (Calculate)Concentration (Calculate)Moles
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Spectrum


Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer
spectrum

Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)86,0001
Excitation (nm)506
Emission (nm)515
Quantum yield0.151

Product Family


NameExcitation (nm)Emission (nm)Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)Quantum yield
Fluo-4 AM *Ultrapure Grade* *CAS 273221-67-3*495528820000.161
Fluo-3FF, AM *UltraPure grade* *Cell permeant*50651586,00010.151
Fluo-8H™, AM495516234300.161
Fluo-8L™, AM495516234300.161
Fluo-8FF™, AM495516234300.161
Fluo-5F, AM *Cell permeant*494516--
Fluo-5N, AM *Cell permeant*494516--

Images


Citations


View all 14 citations: Citation Explorer
Microfluidic organ chip of fluid--solid dynamic curved interface
Authors: Su, Haoran and Ma, Tianxiang and Liu, Xiao and Wang, Li and Shu, Fangjun and Liang, Zhuqing and Zhang, Dongrui and Zhang, Xing and Li, Kexin and Wang, Min and others,
Journal: Applied Physics Reviews (2024)
Downregulation of connexin 43-based gap junctions underlies propofol-induced excessive relaxation in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zeng, Weiqi and Deng, Zhizhao and Gao, Yingxin and Sun, Guoliang and Li, Xianlong and Yuan, Dongdong
Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling (2023): 1--14
Calreticulin regulates TGF-&beta;1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition through modulating Smad signaling and calcium signaling
Authors: Wu, Yanjiao and Xu, Xiaoli and Ma, Lunkun and Yi, Qian and Sun, Weichao and Tang, Liling
Journal: The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology (2017)
Monosialoganglioside 1 may alleviate neurotoxicity induced by propofol combined with remifentanil in neural stem cells
Authors: Lu, Jiang and Yao, Xue-qin and Luo, Xin and Wang, Yu and Chung, Sookja Kim and Tang, He-xin and Cheung, Chi Wai and Wang, Xian-yu and Meng, Chen and Li, Qing and others, undefined
Journal: Neural Regeneration Research (2017): 945
Obtaining spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells from adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions cultured on enzyme-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Yang, Gang and Xiao, Zhenghua and Ren, Xiaomei and Long, Haiyan and Ma, Kunlong and Qian, Hong and Guo, Yingqiang
Journal: Scientific Reports (2017): 41781
Dexmedetomidine reduces hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating mitochondrial fission in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Liu, Jia and Du, Qing and Zhu, He and Li, Yu and Liu, Maodong and Yu, Shoushui and Wang, Shilei
Journal: Int J Clin Exp Med (2017): 6861--6868
Calreticulin regulates TGF-$\beta$1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition through modulating Smad signaling and calcium signaling
Authors: Wu, Yanjiao and Xu, Xiaoli and Ma, Lunkun and Yi, Qian and Sun, Weichao and Tang, Liling
Journal: The International Journal of Biochemistry \& Cell Biology (2017): 103--113
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis in rat INS-1 cells is dependent on activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppression of antioxidant protection
Authors: Sun, Xia and Lin, Yi and Huang, Qiansheng and Shi, Junpeng and Qiu, Ling and Kang, Mei and Chen, Yajie and Fang, Chao and Ye, Ting and Dong, Sijun
Journal: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine (2015): 581--594
The effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter on mitochondrial fission in hippocampus cells ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhao, Lantao and Li, Shuhong and Wang, Shilei and Yu, Ning and Liu, Jia
Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications (2015): 537--542
Fungus induces the release of IL-8 in human corneal epithelial cells, via Dectin-1-mediated protein kinase C pathways
Authors: Peng, Xu-Dong and Zhao, Gui-Qiu and Lin, Jing and Jiang, Nan and Xu, Qiang and Zhu, Cheng-Cheng and Qu, Jian-Qiu and Cong, Lin and Li, Hui
Journal: International journal of ophthalmology (2015): 441

References


View all 53 references: Citation Explorer
A flow cytometric comparison of Indo-1 to fluo-3 and Fura Red excited with low power lasers for detecting Ca(2+) flux
Authors: Bailey S, Macardle PJ.
Journal: J Immunol Methods (2006): 220
Functional fluo-3/AM assay on P-glycoprotein transport activity in L1210/VCR cells by confocal microscopy
Authors: Orlicky J, Sulova Z, Dovinova I, Fiala R, Zahradnikova A, Jr., Breier A.
Journal: Gen Physiol Biophys (2004): 357
Comparison of human recombinant adenosine A2B receptor function assessed by Fluo-3-AM fluorometry and microphysiometry
Authors: Patel H, Porter RH, Palmer AM, Croucher MJ.
Journal: Br J Pharmacol (2003): 671
Measurement of the dissociation constant of Fluo-3 for Ca2+ in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes using Ca2+ wave characteristics
Authors: Loughrey CM, MacEachern KE, Cooper J, Smith GL.
Journal: Cell Calcium (2003): 1
A sensitive method for the detection of foot and mouth disease virus by in situ hybridisation using biotin-labelled oligodeoxynucleotides and tyramide signal amplification
Authors: Zhang Z, Kitching P.
Journal: J Virol Methods (2000): 187
Kinetics of onset of mouse sperm acrosome reaction induced by solubilized zona pellucida: fluorimetric determination of loss of pH gradient between acrosomal lumen and medium monitored by dapoxyl (2-aminoethyl) sulfonamide and of intracellular Ca(2+) chang
Authors: Rockwell PL, Storey BT.
Journal: Mol Reprod Dev (2000): 335
MRP2, a human conjugate export pump, is present and transports fluo 3 into apical vacuoles of Hep G2 cells
Authors: Cantz T, Nies AT, Brom M, Hofmann AF, Keppler D.
Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol (2000): G522
Use of co-loaded Fluo-3 and Fura Red fluorescent indicators for studying the cytosolic Ca(2+)concentrations distribution in living plant tissue
Authors: Walczysko P, Wagner E, Albrechtova JT.
Journal: Cell Calcium (2000): 23
[Ca2+]i following extrasystoles in guinea-pig trabeculae microinjected with fluo-3 - a comparison with frog skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Wohlfart B., undefined
Journal: Acta Physiol Scand (2000): 1
Determination of the intracellular dissociation constant, K(D), of the fluo-3. Ca(2+) complex in mouse sperm for use in estimating intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations
Authors: Rockwell PL, Storey BT.
Journal: Mol Reprod Dev (1999): 418