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DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]

Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070).
Staining of microtumors with DIR-RGD-NP. Fluorescence spectral images from dissected intestines and the attached mesentery. Images shown are from mCherry channel (red; left column) and DIR channel (green; middle column). The merged images (right column) demonstrate the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (white arrow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model</strong> by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.
Enhanced retention and better colocalization <em>in vivo</em> with DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of soluble DIR, DIR-NP, or DIR-RGD-NP given every other day. mCherry (red) and DIR (green) fluorescent images were obtained in live animals at designated time points 24&thinsp;h after the 4th dose. Images shown are merged images demonstrating the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (yellow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12 for DIR-RGD-NP). &nbsp;Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model</strong> by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.
Staining and delineation of tumors and tumor-associated vasculature by DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of DIR-RGD-NP given every other day (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12). (A&ndash;D) Gross tumors appear distinctly stained compared to the intestines. Staining is specific to tumor-associated vasculature (white arrow), which can be easily contrasted to the normal vasculature (yellow arrow); (E,F) Tumors under the diaphragm are likewise stained; (F) Micrometastasis (blue arrow) is visible due to DIR-stained vessels (white arrow) and is contrasted against normal vessels (yellow arrow). Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model </strong>by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.
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Physical properties
Molecular weight1013.39
SolventDMSO
Spectral properties
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)2700001
Excitation (nm)754
Emission (nm)778
Storage, safety and handling
Certificate of OriginDownload PDF
H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22
StorageFreeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC12352200

OverviewpdfSDSpdfProtocol


CAS
100068-60-8
Molecular weight
1013.39
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)
2700001
Excitation (nm)
754
Emission (nm)
778
DiI, DiO, DiD and DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence and short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) and DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO and DiI can be used with standard FITC and TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, and has much longer excitation and emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells and tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells and tissues and low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.

Calculators


Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide] to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

0.1 mg0.5 mg1 mg5 mg10 mg
1 mM98.679 µL493.393 µL986.787 µL4.934 mL9.868 mL
5 mM19.736 µL98.679 µL197.357 µL986.787 µL1.974 mL
10 mM9.868 µL49.339 µL98.679 µL493.393 µL986.787 µL

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Spectrum


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Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)2700001
Excitation (nm)754
Emission (nm)778

Product Family


NameExcitation (nm)Emission (nm)Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)Quantum yield
Propidium iodide *CAS 25535-16-4*537618600010.21
Propidium iodide *10 mM aqueous solution*537618600010.21
DiI iodide [1,1-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3- tetramethylindocarbocyanine iodide]550564148000-
Propidium iodide *1 mg/mL aqueous solution*537618600010.21

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Citations


View all 142 citations: Citation Explorer
Annotation of CD8+ T-cell function via ICAM-1 imaging identifies FAK inhibition as an adjuvant to augment the antitumor immunity of radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang, Ting and Zhang, Yining and Zhao, Yang and Song, Rui and Wang, Yanpu and Li, Kui and Zhou, Haoyi and Wang, Feng and Zhou, Shixin and Zhao, Meixin and others,
Journal: Theranostics (2024): 699
An oncolytic virus--T cell chimera for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chen, Yuxuan and Chen, Xiaohong and Bao, Weier and Liu, Gang and Wei, Wei and Ping, Yuan
Journal: Nature Biotechnology (2024): 1--12
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2 antioxidation pathway in severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury
Authors: Yang, Hongfang and Liu, Yan and Yao, Jiaqi and Wang, Yin and Wang, Lihong and Ren, Penghui and Bai, Buyue and Wen, Qingping
Journal: European Journal of Pharmacology (2024): 176380
Artesunate-Nanoliposome-TPP, a Novel Drug Delivery System That Targets the Mitochondria, Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Zhang, Jiaxing and Gu, Liwei and Jiang, Yumao and Ma, Yun and Zhang, Ziyue and Shen, Shengnan and Shen, Shuo and Peng, Qing and Xiao, Wei
Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine (2024): 1385--1408
Reprogramming Exosomes to Escape from Immune Surveillance for Mitochondrial Protection in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Liu, Shanshan and Xiao, Xinyu and Zhang, La and Wang, Jianwei and Zhao, Wei and Liu, Haichuan and Liao, Rui and Li, Zhi and Xu, Mengxia and Guo, Jiao and others,
Journal: Theranostics (2024): 116
Filamentous-Actin-Mimicking Nanoplatform for Enhanced Cytosolic Protein Delivery
Authors: Xia, Yuqiong and Wu, Keyun and Liu, Chang and Zhao, Xuejuan and Wang, Jun and Cao, Jianxia and Chen, Zhaoxu and Fang, Minchao and Yu, Jie and Zhu, Cheng and others,
Journal: Advanced Science (2023): 2305600
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Deoxynivalenol-Induced Mice Liver Damage
Authors: Meng, Zitong and Liao, Yuxiao and Peng, Zhao and Zhou, Xiaolei and Zhou, Huanhuan and N{\"u}ssler, Andreas K and Liu, Liegang and Yang, Wei
Journal: Antioxidants (2023): 588
Ginsenoside Rb1 stabilized and paclitaxel/protopanaxadiol co-loaded nanoparticles for synergistic treatment of breast tumor
Authors: Lu, Likang and Ao, Hui and Fu, Jingxin and Li, Manzhen and Guo, Yaoyao and Guo, Yifei and Han, Meihua and Shi, Rongxing and Wang, Xiangtao
Journal: Biomedicine \& Pharmacotherapy (2023): 114870
A novel micellar carrier to reverse multidrug resistance of tumours: TPGS derivatives with end-grafted cholesterol
Authors: Qi, Zhaowei and Shi, Jia and Song, Yanzhi and Deng, Yihui
Journal: Journal of Drug Targeting (2023): 1--28
Apoptotic neutrophil-mediated inflammatory microenvironment regulation for the treatment of ARDS
Authors: Liu, Xiong and Qiao, Qi and Li, Xiaonan and Ou, Xiangjun and Cui, Kexin and Niu, Boning and Yang, Conglian and Kong, Li and Zhang, Zhiping
Journal: Nano Today (2023): 101946

References


View all 92 references: Citation Explorer
Use of lipophilic near-infrared dye in whole-body optical imaging of hematopoietic cell homing
Authors: Kalchenko V, Shivtiel S, Malina V, Lapid K, Haramati S, Lapidot T, Brill A, Harmelin A.
Journal: J Biomed Opt (2006): 50507
Nox2, Ca2+, and protein kinase C play a role in angiotensin II-induced free radical production in nucleus tractus solitarius
Authors: Wang G, Anrather J, Glass MJ, Tarsitano MJ, Zhou P, Frys KA, Pickel VM, Iadecola C.
Journal: Hypertension (2006): 482
Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Aplysia punctata
Authors: Wertz A, Rossler W, Obermayer M, Bickmeyer U.
Journal: Front Zool (2006): 6
In vivo imaging and counting of rat retinal ganglion cells using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Authors: Higashide T, Kawaguchi I, Ohkubo S, Takeda H, Sugiyama K.
Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2006): 2943
Confocal laser scanning microscopy using dialkylcarbocyanine dyes for cell tracing in hard and soft biomaterials
Authors: Heinrich L, Freyria AM, Melin M, Tourneur Y, Maksoud R, Bernengo JC, Hartmann DJ.
Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. (2006)
Regional cardiac ganglia projections in the guinea pig heart studied by postmortem DiI tracing
Authors: Harrison TA, Perry KM, Hoover DB.
Journal: Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol (2005): 758
Afferent and efferent connections of the cerebellum of the chondrostean Acipenser baeri: a carbocyanine dye (DiI) tracing study
Authors: Huesa G, Anadon R, Yanez J.
Journal: J Comp Neurol (2003): 327
A novel morphological technique to investigate a single climbing fibre synaptogenesis with a Purkinje cell in the developing mouse cerebellum: DiI injection into the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Authors: Kiyohara Y, Endo K, Ide C, Mizoguchi A.
Journal: J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) (2003): 327
Retinal ganglion cells resistant to advanced glaucoma: a postmortem study of human retinas with the carbocyanine dye DiI
Authors: Pavlidis M, Stupp T, Naskar R, Cengiz C, Thanos S.
Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2003): 5196
Projection pattern of nerve fibers from the septal organ: DiI-tracing studies with transgenic OMP mice
Authors: Levai O, Strotmann J.
Journal: Histochem Cell Biol (2003): 483