DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] CAS 28718-90-3

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Physical properties

Molecular weight	350.25
Solvent	Water

Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	27000
Excitation (nm)	359
Emission (nm)	457

Storage, safety and handling

Certificate of Origin	Download PDF
H-phrase	H303, H313, H340
Hazard symbol	T
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R20, R21, R68
Storage	Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC	41116134

Alternative formats

DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *10 mM solution in water*

Overview SDS Protocol

CAS

28718-90-3

Molecular weight

350.25

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)

27000

Excitation (nm)

359

Emission (nm)

457

DAPI is a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to DNA. It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy. Since DAPI passes through an intact cell membrane, it can be used to stain live cells besides fixed cells. For fluorescence microscopy, DAPI is excited with ultraviolet light. When bound to double-stranded DNA its absorption maximum is at 358 nm and its emission maximum is at 461 nm. One drawback of DAPI is that its emission is fairly broad. DAPI also binds to RNA although it is not as strongly fluorescent as it binds to DNA. Its emission shifts to around 500 nm when bound to RNA. DAPI's blue emission is convenient for multiplexing assays since there is very little fluorescence overlap between DAPI and green-fluorescent molecules like fluorescein and green fluorescent protein (GFP), or red-fluorescent stains like Texas Red. Besides labeling cell nuclei, DAPI is also used for the detection of mycoplasma or virus DNA in cell cultures.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of Water needed to reconstitute specific mass of DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

	0.1 mg	0.5 mg	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	285.51 µL	1.428 mL	2.855 mL	14.276 mL	28.551 mL
5 mM	57.102 µL	285.51 µL	571.021 µL	2.855 mL	5.71 mL
10 mM	28.551 µL	142.755 µL	285.51 µL	1.428 mL	2.855 mL

Molarity calculator

Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.

Mass (Calculate)		Molecular weight		Volume (Calculate)		Concentration (Calculate)		Moles
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Spectrum

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Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	27000
Excitation (nm)	359
Emission (nm)	457

Images

Figure 1. Chemical structure for DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3*

Citations

View all 81 citations: Citation Explorer

A novel HDAC8 inhibitor H7E exerts retinoprotective effects against glaucomatous injury via ameliorating aberrant M{\"u}ller glia activation and oxidative stress
Authors: Wu, Liang-Huan and Cheng, Yu-Wen and Lin, Fan-Li and Hsu, Kai-Cheng and Wang, Mong-Heng and Yen, Jing-Lun and Wang, Tsung-Jen and Lin, Tony Eight and Liu, Yi-Chien and Huang, Wei-Jan and others,
Journal: Biomedicine \& Pharmacotherapy (2024): 116538

A xenotransplantation mouse model to study physiology of the mammary gland from large mammals
Authors: Miller, James L and Reddy, Alexandra and Harman, Rebecca M and Van de Walle, Gerlinde R
Journal: Plos one (2024): e0298390

Cell softness renders cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T leukemic cells resistant to perforin-mediated killing
Authors: Zhou, Yabo and Wang, Dianheng and Zhou, Li and Zhou, Nannan and Wang, Zhenfeng and Chen, Jie and Pang, Ruiyang and Fu, Haixia and Huang, Qiusha and Dong, Fang and others,
Journal: Nature Communications (2024): 1405

Differential impact of cytoplasmic vs. nuclear RAD51 expression on breast cancer progression and patient prognosis
Authors: Wang, Yen-Yun and Cheng, Kuang-Hung and Hung, Amos C and Lo, Steven and Chen, Pang-Yu and Wu, Yi-Chia and Hou, Ming-Feng and Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F
Journal: International Journal of Oncology (2024): 1--16

Metabolic programming determines the pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Hosomi, Koji and Hatanaka, Noritoshi and Hinenoya, Atsushi and Tojima, Yoko and Furuta, Mari and Nagatake, Takahiro and Saika, Azusa and Kawai, Soichiro and Yoshii, Ken and Kondo, Saki and others,
Journal: (2023)

Compound Kushen injection attenuates angiotensin II-mediated heart failure by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang, Wei and Liu, Da and Yang, Liyun and Chen, Lixia and Miao, Mengdan and Liu, Yongsheng and Yin, Yajuan and Wei, Mei and Liu, Gang and An, Yonghui and others,
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine (2023): 1--14

Spatiotemporal distribution analyses of Wnt5a ligand and its receptors Ror2, Frizzled2, and Frizzled5 during tongue muscle development in prenatal mice
Authors: Asada, Naomi and Suzuki, Kingo and Sunohara, Masataka
Journal: Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger (2023): 152017

Alcaligene s Lipid A Functions as a Superior Mucosal Adjuvant to Monophosphoryl Lipid A via the Recruitment and Activation of CD11b+ Dendritic Cells in Nasal Tissue
Authors: Sun, Xiao and Hosomi, Koji and Shimoyama, Atsushi and Yoshii, Ken and Saika, Azusa and Yamaura, Haruki and Nagatake, Takahiro and Kiyono, Hiroshi and Fukase, Koichi and Kunisawa, Jun
Journal: International Immunology (2023): dxad045

Co-Delivery of Bioengineered Exosomes and Oxygen for Treating Critical Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Zhong, Ting and Gao, Ning and Guan, Ya and Liu, Zhongting and Guan, Jianjun
Journal: ACS nano (2023)

Bio-AFM exploits enhanced response of human gingival fibroblasts on TiO2 nanotubular substrates with thin TiO2 coatings
Authors: Baishya, Kaushik and Vrchoveck{\'a}, Kate{\v{r}}ina and Alijani, Mahnaz and Rodriguez-Pereira, Jhonatan and Thalluri, Sitaramanjaneya Mouli and Goldbergov{\'a}, Monika P{\'a}vkov{\'a} and P{\v{r}}ibyl, Jan and Macak, Jan M
Journal: Applied Surface Science Advances (2023): 100459

References

View all 134 references: Citation Explorer

Reliable DNA ploidy determination in dehydrated tissues of vascular plants by DAPI flow cytometry--new prospects for plant research
Authors: Suda J, Travnicek P.
Journal: Cytometry A (2006): 273

Identification of all pachytene bivalents in the common shrew using DAPI-staining of synaptonemal complex spreads
Authors: Belonogova NM, Karamysheva TV, Biltueva LS, Perepelov EA, Minina JM, Polyakov AV, Zhdanova NS, Rubtsov NB, Searle JB, Borodin PM.
Journal: Chromosome Res (2006): 673

Physical localization of ribosomal genes and chromosome DAPI banding by in situ hybridization in Medicago sativa L
Authors: Chen JM, Hong YH, Wang YP, Bowley S, Wan JM.
Journal: Yi Chuan (2006): 184

DNA staining with the fluorochromes EtBr, DAPI and YOYO-1 in the comet assay with tobacco plants after treatment with ethyl methanesulphonate, hyperthermia and DNase-I
Authors: Gichner T, Mukherjee A, Veleminsky J.
Journal: Mutat Res (2006): 17

Investigation of chromosomes in varieties and translocation lines of pea Pisum sativum L. by FISH, Ag-NOR, and differential DAPI staining
Authors: Samatadze TE, Muravenko OM, Bol'sheva NL, Amosova AB, Gostimsckii SA, Zelenin AV.
Journal: Genetika (2005): 1665

DAPI fluorescence in nuclei isolated from tumors
Authors: Krishan A, D and ekar PD., undefined
Journal: J Histochem Cytochem (2005): 1033

Polarized fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of DNA-DAPI complexes
Authors: Barcellona ML, Gammon S, Hazlett T, Digman MA, Gratton E.
Journal: Microsc Res Tech (2004): 205

DNA quantification in nuclei of cultivated mushroom with DAPI staining
Authors: Pancheva EV, Volkova VN, Kamzolkina OV.
Journal: Tsitologiia (2004): 381

Quantification of sPLA2-induced early and late apoptosis changes in neuronal cell cultures using combined TUNEL and DAPI staining
Authors: Daniel B, DeCoster MA.
Journal: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc (2004): 144

DAPI derivative: a fluorescent DNA dye that can be covalently attached to biomolecules
Authors: Li M, Wu RS, Tsai JS.
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2003): 4351