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DiOC2(3) iodide [3,3-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide]

DiI, DiO, DiD and DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence and short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) and DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO and DiI can be used with standard FITC and TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, and has much longer excitation and emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells and tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells and tissues and low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of DiOC2(3) iodide [3,3-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide] to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

0.1 mg0.5 mg1 mg5 mg10 mg
1 mM217.245 µL1.086 mL2.172 mL10.862 mL21.724 mL
5 mM43.449 µL217.245 µL434.49 µL2.172 mL4.345 mL
10 mM21.724 µL108.622 µL217.245 µL1.086 mL2.172 mL

Molarity calculator

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Spectrum

Citations

View all 45 citations: Citation Explorer
Discovery of AMPs from Random Peptides via Deep Learning-Based Model and Biological Activity Validation
Authors: Du, Jun and Yang, Changyan and Deng, Yabo and Guo, Hai and Gu, Mengyun and Chen, Danna and Liu, Xia and Huang, Jinqi and Yan, Wenjin and Liu, Jian
Journal: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2024): 116797
Lipopolysaccharide modification enhances the inhibitory effect of clodronate liposomes on hepatic fibrosis by depletion of macrophages and hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhang, Luyao and Tao, Min and Zhang, Hengyan and Zhang, Shichao and Hou, Xiaojuan and Zong, Chen and Sun, Gangqi and Feng, Shiyao and Yan, Haixin and Lu, Ying and others,
Journal: Chemico-Biological Interactions (2024): 111015
Mesenchymal stem cells increase skin graft survival time and up-regulate PD-L1 expression in splenocytes of mice
Authors: Moravej, Ali and Geramizadeh, Bita and Azarpira, Negar and Zarnani, Amir-Hasan and Yaghobi, Ramin and Kalani, Mehdi and Khosravi, Maryam and Kouhpayeh, Amin and Karimi, Mohammad-Hossein
Journal: Immunology Letters (2017)
Influence of Particle Geometry on Gastrointestinal Transit and Absorption following Oral Administration
Authors: Li, Dong and Zhuang, Jie and He, Haisheng and Jiang, Sifan and Banerjee, Amrita and Lu, Yi and Wu, Wei and Mitragotri, Samir and Gan, Li and Qi, Jianping
Journal: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2017)
Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model
Authors: Alvero, Ayesha B and Kim, Dongin and Lima, Eydis and Sumi, Natalia J and Lee, Jung Seok and Cardenas, Carlos and Pitruzzello, Mary and Silasi, Dan-Arin and Buza, Natalia and Fahmy, Tarek and others, undefined
Journal: Scientific Reports (2017)

References

View all 92 references: Citation Explorer
Confocal laser scanning microscopy using dialkylcarbocyanine dyes for cell tracing in hard and soft biomaterials
Authors: Heinrich L, Freyria AM, Melin M, Tourneur Y, Maksoud R, Bernengo JC, Hartmann DJ.
Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. (2006)
In vivo imaging and counting of rat retinal ganglion cells using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Authors: Higashide T, Kawaguchi I, Ohkubo S, Takeda H, Sugiyama K.
Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2006): 2943
Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Aplysia punctata
Authors: Wertz A, Rossler W, Obermayer M, Bickmeyer U.
Journal: Front Zool (2006): 6
Use of lipophilic near-infrared dye in whole-body optical imaging of hematopoietic cell homing
Authors: Kalchenko V, Shivtiel S, Malina V, Lapid K, Haramati S, Lapidot T, Brill A, Harmelin A.
Journal: J Biomed Opt (2006): 50507
Nox2, Ca2+, and protein kinase C play a role in angiotensin II-induced free radical production in nucleus tractus solitarius
Authors: Wang G, Anrather J, Glass MJ, Tarsitano MJ, Zhou P, Frys KA, Pickel VM, Iadecola C.
Journal: Hypertension (2006): 482
Page updated on October 8, 2024

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Physical properties

Molecular weight

460.31

Solvent

DMSO

Spectral properties

Excitation (nm)

483

Emission (nm)

501

Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22

Storage

Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC12352200