What are the differences between bacteria and eukaryotes?

Basis of differentiation

Bacteria 

Eukaryotes

Piody

Haploid

Diploid

Genetic reassortment

Infrequent short gene conversion and horizontal gene transfer events

Homologous recombination and chromosome segregation linked to reproduction

Origin

Bacteria were colonized and abundant for over a billion years before eukaryotes existed

Eukaryotes originated approximately 1-1.5 billion years after prokaryotes 

Size 

Most bacterial cells are extremely small (1 micrometer in diameter)

Eukaryotic cells range from 10-100 micrometers in size 

Ribosomes

Bacteria have 70 S ribosomes

Eukaryotes have 80 S ribosomes 

Modification of RNA

No mRNA modifications occur in bacteria

mRNA modifications occur after transcription  

Transcription and translation

Transcription and translated are coupled in bacteria 

Transcription and translation occur individually in eukaryotes

Introns and repetitive sequences

Introns and repetitive sequences are not present in bacteria 

Introns and repetitive sequences are present in bacteria

Initiation of protein synthesis 

Protein synthesis of bacteria is initiated by formyl-methionine

Protein synthesis is initiated by methionine

Internal compartments 

Bacteria do not contain any internal compartments or an internal membrane system

Eukaryotes contain internal compartments and an internal membrane system 

Reproduction

Bacteria produce asexually (binary fission)

Mitosis occurs in eukaryotes

Chromosomes

Single circular DNA is present in bacteria

Proteins and DNA are complexed to form multiple chromosomes 

Flagella

Some bacterial cells contain a simple flagella that are made out of a single fiber of flagellin protein

Some eukaryotes have a complex flagella and cilia with a structure of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules 

Unicellular or multicellular

All bacterial cells are unicellular

Eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular