ATTO 594 NHS ester is manufactured by AAT Bioquest for research and development use. ATTO 594 is a bright, red fluorescent dye characterized by a strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, and exceptional thermal and photostability. The dye exhibits superior water solubility and hydrophilicity, facilitating its use in various aqueous environments. ATTO 594 is optimally excited within the 560-615 nm range, making it compatible with both 561 nm and 594 nm laser lines commonly used in advanced fluorescence imaging systems. Upon conjugation to biomolecules, ATTO 594 becomes anionic, carrying a net charge of -1, which may influence its binding characteristics and performance in assays. Its photostability and brightness make it particularly suited for high-resolution techniques like single-molecule detection and super-resolution microscopy, including PALM, dSTORM, and STED. Additionally, ATTO 594 is highly compatible with flow cytometry (FACS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and various other fluorescence-based assays, supporting its broad utility in complex biological studies.

NHS esters react selectively and efficiently with primary amines (such as the side chains of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at pH 7-9, forming stable covalent amide bonds. This property makes ATTO 594 NHS ester an excellent choice for labeling peptides and amine-modified oligonucleotides. For labeling antibodies and other proteins, we highly recommend our iFluor® dyes that are highly water soluble and are optimized for labeling proteins.