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Cell Meter™ Phosphatidylserine Apoptosis Assay Kit *Blue Fluorescence Optimized for Microplate Readers*

Our Cell Meter™ assay kits are a set of tools for monitoring cell viability. There are a variety of parameters that can be used for monitoring cell viability. This particular kit is designed to monitor cell apoptosis through measuring the translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS). In apoptosis, PS is transferred to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The appearance of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface is a universal indicator of the initial/intermediate stages of cell apoptosis and can be detected before morphological changes can be observed. This particular kit is designed to monitor cell apoptosis through measuring the translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS). This kit uses our proprietary fluorescent small molecule-based Apopxin™ PS sensor that specifically binds PS with affinity much higher than Annexin V (Kd < 10 nM). It has blue fluorescence upon binding to membrane PS. It can be used in the formats of microplate, microscope and flow cytometer while most of other commercial apoptosis assay kits are only used with either microscope or flow cytometry platform.

Example protocol

AT A GLANCE

Protocol summary

  1. Prepare cells with test compounds (100 µL/well/96-well plate or 25 µL/well/384-well plate)
  2. Add equal volume of Apopxin™ Violet 450 working solution
  3. Incubate at room temperature for 1 hour
  4. Monitor fluorescence intensity (bottom read mode) at Ex/Em = 405/450 nm (Cutoff = 420 nm) or fluorescence microscope with Violet filter

Important notes
Warm Assay Buffer (Component B) at room temperature before starting the experiment.

PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION

Add 10 μL of 100X Apopxin™ Violet 450 (Component A) into 1 mL of Assay Buffer (Component B) and mix well to make Apopxin™ Violet 450 working solution. Note: 100 μL of Apopxin™ Violet 450 working solution is enough for one well. Prepare fresh before use.

For guidelines on cell sample preparation, please visit
https://www.aatbio.com/resources/guides/cell-sample-preparation.html

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

  1. Treat cells with test compounds by adding 10 µL/well (96-well plate) or 2.5 µL/well (384-well plate) of 10X test compound stock solution into PBS or the desired buffer. For blank wells (medium without the cells), add the same amount of compound buffer.

  2. Incubate the cell plate in a 5% CO2, 37°C incubator for a desired period of time (4 - 6 hours for Jurkat cells treated with staurosporine) to induce apoptosis. Note: Some compounds such as camptothecin might give false positive response due to the broad emission spectrum from 380 to 490 nm when excited at 405 nm.

  3. Add 100 µL/well (96-well plate) or 25 µL/well (384-well plate) of Apopxin™ Violet 450 working solution into each well.

  4. Incubate the cell plate at room temperature for at least 1 hour, protected from light.

  5. Centrifuge cell plate (especially for the non-adherent cells) at 800 rpm for 2 minutes (brake off).

  6. Monitor the fluorescence intensity with a fluorescence microplate reader (bottom read mode) at Ex/Em = 405/450 nm (Cutoff = 420 nm) or image cells using fluorescence microscope with Violet filter.

Citations

View all 5 citations: Citation Explorer
STE20-Type Kinases MST3 and MST4 Act Non-Redundantly to Promote the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Caputo, Mara and Xia, Ying and Anand, Sumit Kumar and Cansby, Emmelie and Andersson, Emma and Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich and K{\"o}nigsrainer, Alfred and Peter, Andreas and Mahlapuu, Margit
Journal: (2023)
Integrin $\beta$3 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Su, Yifan and Tian, Hua and Wei, Lijiang and Fu, Guohui and Sun, Ting
Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica (2018): 658--665
Tumor-selective mitochondrial network collapse induced by atmospheric gas plasma-activated medium.
Authors: Saito, Kosuke and Asai, Tomohiko and Fujiwara, Kyoko and Sahara, Junki and Koguchi, Haruhisa and Fukuda, Noboru and Suzuki-Karasaki, Miki and Soma, Masayoshi and Suzuki-Karasaki, Yoshihiro
Journal: Oncotarget (2016)
Physiological effects of the herbicide glyphosate on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Wu, Liang and Qiu, Zhihao and Zhou, Ya and Du, Yuping and Liu, Chaonan and Ye, Jing and Hu, Xiaojun
Journal: Aquatic Toxicology (2016): 72--79
Inhibition of malignant phenotypes of human osteosarcoma cells by a gene silencer, a pyrrole--imidazole polyamide, which targets an E-box motif
Authors: Taniguchi, Masashi and Fujiwara, Kyoko and Nakai, Yuji and Ozaki, Toshinori and Koshikawa, Nobuko and Toshio, Kojima and Kataba, Motoaki and Oguni, Asako and Matsuda, Hiroyuki and Yoshida, Yukihiro and others, undefined
Journal: FEBS open bio (2014): 328--334

References

View all 92 references: Citation Explorer
Suicidal membrane repair regulates phosphatidylserine externalization during apoptosis
Authors: Mirnikjoo B, Balasubramanian K, Schroit AJ.
Journal: J Biol Chem (2009): 22512
Peptidic targeting of phosphatidylserine for the MRI detection of apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Burtea C, Laurent S, Lancelot E, Ballet S, Murariu O, Rousseaux O, Port M, V and er Elst L, Corot C, Muller RN.
Journal: Mol Pharm (2009): 1903
Detection of apoptosis based on the interaction between annexin V and phosphatidylserine
Authors: Liu T, Zhu W, Yang X, Chen L, Yang R, Hua Z, Li G.
Journal: Anal Chem (2009): 2410
Evaluation of cell surface expression of phosphatidylserine in ovarian carcinoma effusions using the annexin-V/7-AAD assay: clinical relevance and comparison with other apoptosis parameters
Authors: Dong HP, Holth A, Kleinberg L, Ruud MG, Elstr and MB, Trope CG, Davidson B, Risberg B.
Journal: Am J Clin Pathol (2009): 756
Mobilization of lysosomal calcium regulates the externalization of phosphatidylserine during apoptosis
Authors: Mirnikjoo B, Balasubramanian K, Schroit AJ.
Journal: J Biol Chem (2009): 6918
Page updated on December 6, 2024

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Storage, safety and handling

H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22
UNSPSC12352200

Platform

Fluorescence microplate reader

Excitation405 nm
Emission450 nm
Cutoff420 nm
Recommended plateBlack wall, clear bottom
Instrument specification(s)Bottom read mode

Components

Fluorescence image of HeLa cells stained with Apopxin&trade; Violet 450 conjugate. Jurkat cells were treated without (Left) or with 1 &mu;M staurosporine (Right) at&nbsp;37 &ordm;C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured using a microscope with a violet filter set (Excitation=405 nm).
Fluorescence image of HeLa cells stained with Apopxin&trade; Violet 450 conjugate. Jurkat cells were treated without (Left) or with 1 &mu;M staurosporine (Right) at&nbsp;37 &ordm;C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured using a microscope with a violet filter set (Excitation=405 nm).
Fluorescence image of HeLa cells stained with Apopxin&trade; Violet 450 conjugate. Jurkat cells were treated without (Left) or with 1 &mu;M staurosporine (Right) at&nbsp;37 &ordm;C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured using a microscope with a violet filter set (Excitation=405 nm).