mFluor™ Violet 610 SE

<strong>Top)</strong> Spectral pattern was generated using a 4-laser spectral cytometer. Spatially offset lasers (355 nm, 405 nm, 488 nm, and 640 nm) were used to generate four distinct emission profiles, then, when combined, yielded the overall spectral signature. <strong>Bottom)</strong> Flow cytometry analysis of whole blood cells stained with CD4-mFluor™ Violet 610 conjugate. The fluorescence signal was monitored using a Cytek® Aurora flow cytometer in the mFluor™ Violet 610 specific V10-A channel.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with mFluor™ Violet 610 anti-Human CD4 (clone SK3, mouse IgG1, κ) conjugate.

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Additional ordering information

Telephone	1-800-990-8053
Fax	1-800-609-2943
Email	sales@aatbio.com
Quotation	Request
International	See distributors
Shipping	Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international

Physical properties

Molecular weight	1293.46
Solvent	DMSO

Spectral properties

Absorbance (nm)	594
Correction Factor (260 nm)	0.532
Correction Factor (280 nm)	0.66
Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	90000¹
Excitation (nm)	421
Emission (nm)	612
Quantum yield	0.3¹

Storage, safety and handling

Certificate of Origin	Download PDF
H-phrase	H303, H313, H333
Hazard symbol	XN
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R20, R21, R22
Storage	Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC	12171501

Overview SDS Protocol

Molecular weight

1293.46

Absorbance (nm)

594

Correction Factor (260 nm)

0.532

Correction Factor (280 nm)

0.66

Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)

90000¹

Excitation (nm)

421

Emission (nm)

612

Quantum yield

0.3¹

Advances in spectral flow cytometers have expanded applications and capabilities beyond conventional flow cytometry. Now with spectral flow cytometry analysis, researchers and scientists can investigate an increasing number of molecules of interest. However, the potential of spectral flow cytometry is severely limited by the availability of fluorescent labels and readouts. AAT Bioquest's mFluor™ dyes are developed for multicolor flow cytometry-focused applications, in particular, for spectral fluorescence flow cytometry. These dyes have large Stokes Shifts, and can be well excited by the laser lines of flow cytometers (e.g., 350 nm, 405 nm, 488 nm and 633 nm). mFluor™ Violet 610 dyes are well excited with the Violet laser with a red emission ~610 nm. These spectral characteristics make them very unique labeling dyes for spectral fluorescence flow cytometric applications. mFluor™ Violet 610 SE is reasonably stable and shows good reactivity and selectivity with protein amino groups. mFluor™ Violet 610 SE provides a convenient tool to label monoclonal, polyclonal antibodies or other proteins (>10 kDa) for flow cytometric applications with the violet laser excitation.

Example protocol

PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTIONS

Unless otherwise noted, all unused stock solutions should be divided into single-use aliquots and stored at -20 °C after preparation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

1. Protein stock solution (Solution A)

Mix 100 µL of a reaction buffer (e.g., 1 M sodium carbonate solution or 1 M phosphate buffer with pH ~9.0) with 900 µL of the target protein solution (e.g. antibody, protein concentration >2 mg/mL if possible) to give 1 mL protein labeling stock solution.
Note     The pH of the protein solution (Solution A) should be 8.5 ± 0.5. If the pH of the protein solution is lower than 8.0, adjust the pH to the range of 8.0-9.0 using 1 M sodium bicarbonate solution or 1 M pH 9.0 phosphate buffer.
Note     The protein should be dissolved in 1X phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2-7.4. If the protein is dissolved in Tris or glycine buffer, it must be dialyzed against 1X PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, to remove free amines or ammonium salts (such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium acetate) that are widely used for protein precipitation.
Note     Impure antibodies or antibodies stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or gelatin will not be labeled well. The presence of sodium azide or thimerosal might also interfere with the conjugation reaction. Sodium azide or thimerosal can be removed by dialysis or spin column for optimal labeling results.
Note     The conjugation efficiency is significantly reduced if the protein concentration is less than 2 mg/mL. For optimal labeling efficiency the final protein concentration range of 2-10 mg/mL is recommended.

2. mFluor™ Violet 610 SE stock solution (Solution B)

Add anhydrous DMSO into the vial of mFluor™ Violet 610 SE to make a 10 mM stock solution. Mix well by pipetting or vortex.
Note Prepare the dye stock solution (Solution B) before starting the conjugation. Use promptly. Extended storage of the dye stock solution may reduce the dye activity. Solution B can be stored in freezer for two weeks when kept from light and moisture. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL

This labeling protocol was developed for the conjugate of Goat anti-mouse IgG with mFluor™ Violet 610 SE. You might need further optimization for your particular proteins.
Note Each protein requires distinct dye/protein ratio, which also depends on the properties of dyes. Over labeling of a protein could detrimentally affects its binding affinity while the protein conjugates of low dye/protein ratio gives reduced sensitivity.

Run conjugation reaction

Use 10:1 molar ratio of Solution B (dye)/Solution A (protein) as the starting point: Add 5 µL of the dye stock solution (Solution B, assuming the dye stock solution is 10 mM) into the vial of the protein solution (95 µL of Solution A) with effective shaking. The concentration of the protein is ~0.05 mM assuming the protein concentration is 10 mg/mL and the molecular weight of the protein is ~200KD.
Note We recommend to use 10:1 molar ratio of Solution B (dye)/Solution A (protein). If it is too less or too high, determine the optimal dye/protein ratio at 5:1, 15:1 and 20:1 respectively.
Continue to rotate or shake the reaction mixture at room temperature for 30-60 minutes.

Purify the conjugation

The following protocol is an example of dye-protein conjugate purification by using a Sephadex G-25 column.

Prepare Sephadex G-25 column according to the manufacture instruction.
Load the reaction mixture (From "Run conjugation reaction") to the top of the Sephadex G-25 column.
Add PBS (pH 7.2-7.4) as soon as the sample runs just below the top resin surface.
Add more PBS (pH 7.2-7.4) to the desired sample to complete the column purification. Combine the fractions that contain the desired dye-protein conjugate.
Note For immediate use, the dye-protein conjugate need be diluted with staining buffer, and aliquoted for multiple uses.
Note For longer term storage, dye-protein conjugate solution need be concentrated or freeze dried.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of mFluor™ Violet 610 SE to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

	0.1 mg	0.5 mg	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	77.312 µL	386.56 µL	773.12 µL	3.866 mL	7.731 mL
5 mM	15.462 µL	77.312 µL	154.624 µL	773.12 µL	1.546 mL
10 mM	7.731 µL	38.656 µL	77.312 µL	386.56 µL	773.12 µL

Molarity calculator

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Spectrum

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Spectral properties

Absorbance (nm)	594
Correction Factor (260 nm)	0.532
Correction Factor (280 nm)	0.66
Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	90000¹
Excitation (nm)	421
Emission (nm)	612
Quantum yield	0.3¹

Product Family

Name	Excitation (nm)	Emission (nm)	Extinction coefficient (cm ^-1 M ^-1)	Quantum yield	Correction Factor (260 nm)	Correction Factor (280 nm)
mFluor™ Violet 450 SE	406	445	35000¹	0.81¹	0.338	0.078
mFluor™ Violet 510 SE	412	505	25000¹	0.86¹	0.464	0.366
mFluor™ Violet 540 SE	402	535	18000¹	0.21¹	1.326	0.543
mFluor™ Violet 500 SE	410	501	25000¹	0.81¹	0.769	0.365
mFluor™ Violet 550 SE	527	550	90000¹	0.31¹	0.474	0.306
mFluor™ Violet 505 SE	393	504	40000¹	0.45¹	0.888	0.403
mFluor™ Violet 590 SE	564	591	90000¹	0.22¹	0.632	0.329
mFluor™ Violet 545 SE	393	543	20000¹	0.15¹	1.08	0.496
mFluor™ Violet 530 SE	393	543	20000¹	-	-	-
mFluor™ Violet 480 SE	404	475	40,000	-	-	-
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Images

Figure 1. Top) Spectral pattern was generated using a 4-laser spectral cytometer. Spatially offset lasers (355 nm, 405 nm, 488 nm, and 640 nm) were used to generate four distinct emission profiles, then, when combined, yielded the overall spectral signature. Bottom) Flow cytometry analysis of whole blood cells stained with CD4-mFluor™ Violet 610 conjugate. The fluorescence signal was monitored using a Cytek® Aurora flow cytometer in the mFluor™ Violet 610 specific V10-A channel.