Phalloidin-California Red Conjugate
Ordering information
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Additional ordering information
Telephone | 1-800-990-8053 |
Fax | 1-800-609-2943 |
sales@aatbio.com | |
International | See distributors |
Bulk request | Inquire |
Custom size | Inquire |
Shipping | Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international |
Physical properties
Molecular weight | ~1000 |
Solvent | DMSO |
Spectral properties
Correction Factor (260 nm) | 0.24 |
Correction Factor (280 nm) | 0.194 |
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 1000001 |
Excitation (nm) | 592 |
Emission (nm) | 609 |
Storage, safety and handling
H-phrase | H301, H311, H331 |
Hazard symbol | T |
Intended use | Research Use Only (RUO) |
R-phrase | R23, R24, R25 |
Storage | Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure |
UNSPSC | 12352200 |
Overview | ![]() ![]() |
Molecular weight ~1000 | Correction Factor (260 nm) 0.24 | Correction Factor (280 nm) 0.194 | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) 1000001 | Excitation (nm) 592 | Emission (nm) 609 |
This red fluorescent phalloidin conjugate (equivalent to Texas Red®-labeled phalloindin) selectively binds to F-actins with much higher photostability than the fluorescein-phalloidin conjugates. Used at nanomolar concentrations, phalloidin derivatives are convenient probes for labeling, identifying and quantitating F-actins in formaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized tissue sections, cell cultures or cell-free experiments. Phalloidin binds to actin filaments much more tightly than to actin monomers, leading to a decrease in the rate constant for the dissociation of actin subunits from filament ends, essentially stabilizing actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerization. Moreover, phalloidin is found to inhibit the ATP hydrolysis activity of F-actin. Phalloidin functions differently at various concentrations in cells. When introduced into the cytoplasm at low concentrations, phalloidin recruits the less polymerized forms of cytoplasmic actin as well as filamin into stable "islands" of aggregated actin polymers, yet it does not interfere with stress fibers, i.e. thick bundles of microfilaments. The property of phalloidin is a useful tool for investigating the distribution of F-actin in cells by labeling phalloidin with fluorescent analogs and using them to stain actin filaments for light microscopy. Fluorescent derivatives of phalloidin have turned out to be enormously useful in localizing actin filaments in living or fixed cells as well as for visualizing individual actin filaments in vitro. Fluorescent phalloidin derivatives have been used as an important tool in the study of actin networks at high resolution. AAT Bioquest offers a variety of fluorescent phalloidin derivatives with different colors for multicolor imaging applications.
Example protocol
AT A GLANCE
Protocol Summary
- Prepare samples in microplate wells
- Remove liquid from samples in the plate
- Add Phalloidin-California Red Conjugate solution (100 μL/well)
- Stain the cells at room temperature for 20 to 90 minutes
- Wash the cells
- Examine the specimen under microscope with Texas Red filter
Storage and Handling Conditions
The solution should be stable for at least 6 months if store at -20 °C. Protect the fluorescent conjugates from light, and avoid freeze/thaw cycles.Note Phalloidin is toxic, although the amount of toxin present in a vial could be lethal only to a mosquito (LD50 of phalloidin = 2 mg/kg), it should be handled with care.
PREPARATION OF WORKING SOLUTION
Phalloidin-California Red Conjugate working solution
Add 1 µL of Phalloidin-California Red solution to 1 mL of PBS with 1% BSA.Note The stock solution of phalloidin conjugate should be aliquoted and stored at -20 °C. protected from light.
Note Different cell types might be stained differently. The concentration of phalloidin conjugate working solution should be prepared accordingly.
SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
Stain the cells
- Perform formaldehyde fixation. Incubate cells with 3.0–4.0 % formaldehyde in PBS at room temperature for 10–30 minutes.
Note Avoid any methanol containing fixatives since methanol can disrupt actin during the fixation process. The preferred fixative is methanol-free formaldehyde. - Rinse the fixed cells 2–3 times in PBS.
- Optional: Add 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS into fixed cells for 3 to 5 minutes to increase permeability. Rinse the cells 2–3 times in PBS.
- Add 100 μL/well (96-well plate) of Phalloidin-California Red Conjugate working solution into the fixed cells, and stain the cells at room temperature for 20 to 90 minutes.
- Rinse cells gently with PBS 2 to 3 times to remove excess phalloidin conjugate before plating, sealing and imaging under microscope with Texas Red filter set.
Spectrum
Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer


Spectral properties
Correction Factor (260 nm) | 0.24 |
Correction Factor (280 nm) | 0.194 |
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 1000001 |
Excitation (nm) | 592 |
Emission (nm) | 609 |
Citations
View all 31 citations: Citation Explorer
Effects of periodontal cells-derived extracellular vesicles on mesenchymal stromal cell function
Authors: Han, Pingping and Johnson, Nigel and Abdal-hay, Abdalla and Moran, Corey S and Salomon, Carlos and Ivanovski, Sa{\v{s}}o
Journal: Journal of Periodontal Research (2023)
Authors: Han, Pingping and Johnson, Nigel and Abdal-hay, Abdalla and Moran, Corey S and Salomon, Carlos and Ivanovski, Sa{\v{s}}o
Journal: Journal of Periodontal Research (2023)
The Effect of Titanium Surface Topography on Adherent Macrophage Integrin and Cytokine Expression
Authors: Pitchai, Manju Sofia and Ipe, Deepak Samuel and Hamlet, Stephen
Journal: Journal of Functional Biomaterials (2023): 211
Authors: Pitchai, Manju Sofia and Ipe, Deepak Samuel and Hamlet, Stephen
Journal: Journal of Functional Biomaterials (2023): 211
Tunable Nano-engineered Anisotropic Surface for Enhanced Mechanotransduction and Soft-Tissue Integration
Authors: Han, Pingping and Guo, Tianqi and Jayasree, Anjana and Gomez, Guillermo A and Gulati, Karan and Ivanovski, Sa{\v{s}}o
Journal: Nano Research (2022)
Authors: Han, Pingping and Guo, Tianqi and Jayasree, Anjana and Gomez, Guillermo A and Gulati, Karan and Ivanovski, Sa{\v{s}}o
Journal: Nano Research (2022)
Phosphoproteomics identify arachidonic-acid-regulated signal transduction pathways modulating macrophage functions with implications for ovarian cancer
Authors: Dietze, Raimund and Hammoud, Mohamad K and G{\'o}mez-Serrano, Mar{\'\i}a and Unger, Annika and Bieringer, Tim and Finkernagel, Florian and Sokol, Anna M and Nist, Andrea and Stiewe, Thorsten and Reinartz, Silke and others,
Journal: Theranostics (2021): 1377
Authors: Dietze, Raimund and Hammoud, Mohamad K and G{\'o}mez-Serrano, Mar{\'\i}a and Unger, Annika and Bieringer, Tim and Finkernagel, Florian and Sokol, Anna M and Nist, Andrea and Stiewe, Thorsten and Reinartz, Silke and others,
Journal: Theranostics (2021): 1377
Enhanced bovine serum albumin absorption on the N-hydroxysuccinimide activated graphene oxide and its corresponding cell affinity
Authors: Xiong, Kun and Fan, Qingbo and Wu, Tingting and Shi, Haishan and Chen, Lin and Yan, Minhao
Journal: Materials Science and Engineering: C (2017)
Authors: Xiong, Kun and Fan, Qingbo and Wu, Tingting and Shi, Haishan and Chen, Lin and Yan, Minhao
Journal: Materials Science and Engineering: C (2017)
Cell-Permeable, MMP-2 Activatable, Nickel Ferrite and His-tagged Fusion Protein Self-Assembled Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Tumor Magnetic Targeting and Imaging
Authors: Sun, Lu and Xie, Shuping and Qi, Jing and Liu, Ergang and Liu, Di and Liu, Quan and Chen, Sunhui and He, Huining and Yang, Victor C
Journal: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2017)
Authors: Sun, Lu and Xie, Shuping and Qi, Jing and Liu, Ergang and Liu, Di and Liu, Quan and Chen, Sunhui and He, Huining and Yang, Victor C
Journal: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2017)
The correlation between osteopontin adsorption and cell adhesion to mixed self-assembled monolayers of varying charges and wettability
Authors: Hao, Lijing and Li, Tianjie and Yang, Fan and Zhao, Naru and Cui, Fuzhai and Shi, Xuetao and Du, Chang and Wang, Yingjun
Journal: Biomaterials Science (2017)
Authors: Hao, Lijing and Li, Tianjie and Yang, Fan and Zhao, Naru and Cui, Fuzhai and Shi, Xuetao and Du, Chang and Wang, Yingjun
Journal: Biomaterials Science (2017)
Mediation of cellular osteogenic differentiation through daily stimulation time based on polypyrrole planar electrodes
Authors: Liu, Zongguang and Dong, Lingqing and Wang, Liming and Wang, Xiaozhao and Cheng, Kui and Luo, Zhongkuan and Weng, Wenjian
Journal: Scientific reports (2017): 17926
Authors: Liu, Zongguang and Dong, Lingqing and Wang, Liming and Wang, Xiaozhao and Cheng, Kui and Luo, Zhongkuan and Weng, Wenjian
Journal: Scientific reports (2017): 17926
Study on the Regulation of Focal Adesions and Cortical Actin by Matrix Nanotopography in 3D Environment
Authors: Han, Jingjing and Lin, Keng-hui and Chew, Lock Yue
Journal: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2017)
Authors: Han, Jingjing and Lin, Keng-hui and Chew, Lock Yue
Journal: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2017)
Enhanced osteointegration of tantalum-modified titanium implants with micro/nano-topography
Authors: Shi, Junyu and Zhang, Xiaomeng and Qiao, Shichong and Ni, Jie and Mo, Jiaji and Gu, Yingxin and Lai, Hongchang
Journal: RSC Advances (2017): 46472--46479
Authors: Shi, Junyu and Zhang, Xiaomeng and Qiao, Shichong and Ni, Jie and Mo, Jiaji and Gu, Yingxin and Lai, Hongchang
Journal: RSC Advances (2017): 46472--46479
References
View all 127 references: Citation Explorer
Improved penile histology by phalloidin stain: circular and longitudinal cavernous smooth muscles, dual-endothelium arteries, and erectile dysfunction-associated changes
Authors: Lin G, Qiu X, F and el TM, Albersen M, Wang Z, Lue TF, Lin CS.
Journal: Urology (2011): 970 e1
Authors: Lin G, Qiu X, F and el TM, Albersen M, Wang Z, Lue TF, Lin CS.
Journal: Urology (2011): 970 e1
Phalloidin perturbs the interaction of human non-muscle myosin isoforms 2A and 2C1 with F-actin
Authors: Diensthuber RP, Muller M, Heissler SM, Taft MH, Chizhov I, Manstein DJ.
Journal: FEBS Lett (2011): 767
Authors: Diensthuber RP, Muller M, Heissler SM, Taft MH, Chizhov I, Manstein DJ.
Journal: FEBS Lett (2011): 767
pH-(low)-insertion-peptide (pHLIP) translocation of membrane impermeable phalloidin toxin inhibits cancer cell proliferation
Authors: An M, Wijesinghe D, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Engelman DM.
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010): 20246
Authors: An M, Wijesinghe D, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Engelman DM.
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010): 20246
Labeling cytoskeletal F-actin with rhodamine phalloidin or fluorescein phalloidin for imaging
Authors: Chazotte B., undefined
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2010): pdb prot4947
Authors: Chazotte B., undefined
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2010): pdb prot4947
Protective effect of bile acid derivatives in phalloidin-induced rat liver toxicity
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Hierro C, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 21
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Hierro C, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 21
Effect of Phalloidin on Filaments Polymerized from Heart Muscle Adp-Actin Monomers
Authors: Vig A, Dudas R, Kupi T, Orban J, Hild G, Lorinczy D, Nyitrai M.
Journal: J Therm Anal Calorim (2009): 721
Authors: Vig A, Dudas R, Kupi T, Orban J, Hild G, Lorinczy D, Nyitrai M.
Journal: J Therm Anal Calorim (2009): 721
In vitro inhibition of OATP-mediated uptake of phalloidin using bile acid derivatives
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Vicens M, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 13
Authors: Herraez E, Macias RI, Vazquez-Tato J, Vicens M, Monte MJ, Marin JJ.
Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2009): 13
Processing of the phalloidin proprotein by prolyl oligopeptidase from the mushroom Conocybe albipes
Authors: Luo H, Hallen-Adams HE, Walton JD.
Journal: J Biol Chem (2009): 18070
Authors: Luo H, Hallen-Adams HE, Walton JD.
Journal: J Biol Chem (2009): 18070
Pygmy squids and giant brains: mapping the complex cephalopod CNS by phalloidin staining of vibratome sections and whole-mount preparations
Authors: Wollesen T, Loesel R, Wanninger A.
Journal: J Neurosci Methods (2009): 63
Authors: Wollesen T, Loesel R, Wanninger A.
Journal: J Neurosci Methods (2009): 63
Anti-acetylated tubulin antibody staining and phalloidin staining in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Genikhovich G, Technau U.
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2009): pdb prot5283
Authors: Genikhovich G, Technau U.
Journal: Cold Spring Harb Protoc (2009): pdb prot5283