Probenecid *Cell culture tested* *CAS 57-66-9*
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See also: Calcium Indicators, Fluo-3, Fluo-4, Fluo-8, Intracellular Ions, Physiological Probes, Ratiometric Calcium Indicators
CAS 57-66-9 | Molecular weight 285.36 |
Probenecid is an inhibitor of organic-anion transporters located in cell membranes. These transporters often extrude fluorescent indicators from cells, and therefore contribute to poor dye retention. This phenomenon usually causes high background in the assays that require the good retention of the dye indicators inside cells. The use of probenecid to inhibit the transporter activity, and thus to reduce leakage of the intracellular dye indicators is a common method for reducing fluorescence background of calcium assays. Each vial is dissovled in 0.3 mL of 1 M NaOH, and then diluted into 100 mL buffer to make 2.5 mM final concentration of probenecid for your assays.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of 1 M NaOH needed to reconstitute specific mass of Probenecid *Cell culture tested* *CAS 57-66-9* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 350.435 µL | 1.752 mL | 3.504 mL | 17.522 mL | 35.043 mL |
5 mM | 70.087 µL | 350.435 µL | 700.869 µL | 3.504 mL | 7.009 mL |
10 mM | 35.043 µL | 175.217 µL | 350.435 µL | 1.752 mL | 3.504 mL |
Molarity calculator
Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.
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Citations
View all 9 citations: Citation Explorer
Triple-Decker Sandwich Cultures of Intestinal Organoids for Long-Term Live Imaging, Uniform Perturbation, and Statistical Sampling
Authors: Cambra, Hailey M and Tallapragada, Naren P and Mannam, Prabhath and Breault, David T and Klein, Allon M
Journal: Current protocols (2022): e330
Authors: Cambra, Hailey M and Tallapragada, Naren P and Mannam, Prabhath and Breault, David T and Klein, Allon M
Journal: Current protocols (2022): e330
A novel Ca2+ indicator for long-term tracking of intracellular calcium flux
Authors: Liao, Jinfang and Patel, Deven and Zhao, Qin and Peng, Ruogu and Guo, Haitao and Diwu, Zhenjun
Journal: BioTechniques (2021): 271--277
Authors: Liao, Jinfang and Patel, Deven and Zhao, Qin and Peng, Ruogu and Guo, Haitao and Diwu, Zhenjun
Journal: BioTechniques (2021): 271--277
Electrophysiological Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Cardiosphere-Derived Cells: Unraveling the Antiarrhythmic Properties of Cell Therapies
Authors: G{\'o}mez-Cid, Lidia and Moro-L{\'o}pez, Marina and de la Nava, Ana S and Hern{\'a}ndez-Romero, Ismael and Fern{\'a}ndez, Ana I and Su{\'a}rez-Sancho, Susana and Atienza, Felipe and Grigorian-Shamagian, Lilian and Fern{\'a}ndez-Avil{\'e}s, Francisco
Journal: Processes (2020): 924
Authors: G{\'o}mez-Cid, Lidia and Moro-L{\'o}pez, Marina and de la Nava, Ana S and Hern{\'a}ndez-Romero, Ismael and Fern{\'a}ndez, Ana I and Su{\'a}rez-Sancho, Susana and Atienza, Felipe and Grigorian-Shamagian, Lilian and Fern{\'a}ndez-Avil{\'e}s, Francisco
Journal: Processes (2020): 924
Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Absence of gravin-mediated signaling inhibits development of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis
Authors: Fan, Qiying and Yin, Xing and Rababa’h, Abeer and Diaz, Andrea Diaz and Wijaya, Cori S and Singh, Sonal and Suryavanshi, Santosh V and Vo, Henry Hiep and Saeed, Moawiz and Zhang, Yang and others,
Journal: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2019): H793
Authors: Fan, Qiying and Yin, Xing and Rababa’h, Abeer and Diaz, Andrea Diaz and Wijaya, Cori S and Singh, Sonal and Suryavanshi, Santosh V and Vo, Henry Hiep and Saeed, Moawiz and Zhang, Yang and others,
Journal: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (2019): H793
Etablierung eines 3D in vitro Blutgef{\"a}{\ss}-/Gewebemodells zur Testung spezifischer Therapeutika zur Leuk{\"a}miebehandlung
Authors: Bersi, Heidi
Journal: (2017)
Authors: Bersi, Heidi
Journal: (2017)
Teleocidin A2 inhibits human proteinase-activated receptor 2 signaling in tumor cells
Authors: Stahn, Sonja and Thelen, Lisa and Albrecht, Ina-Maria and Bitzer, Jens and Henkel, Thomas and Teusch, Nicole Elisabeth
Journal: Pharmacology Research & Perspectives (2016)
Authors: Stahn, Sonja and Thelen, Lisa and Albrecht, Ina-Maria and Bitzer, Jens and Henkel, Thomas and Teusch, Nicole Elisabeth
Journal: Pharmacology Research & Perspectives (2016)
Gravin Scaffolding Protein Mediates Signaling during Atherosclerosis
Authors: Fan, Qiying
Journal: (2015)
Authors: Fan, Qiying
Journal: (2015)
Glutathione adducts on sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Cys-674 regulate endothelial cell calcium stores and angiogenic function as well as promote ischemic blood flow recovery
Authors: Thompson, Melissa D and Mei, Yu and Weisbrod, Robert M and Silver, Marcy and Shukla, Praphulla C and Bolotina, Victoria M and Cohen, Richard A and Tong, Xiaoyong
Journal: Journal of Biological Chemistry (2014): 19907--19916
Authors: Thompson, Melissa D and Mei, Yu and Weisbrod, Robert M and Silver, Marcy and Shukla, Praphulla C and Bolotina, Victoria M and Cohen, Richard A and Tong, Xiaoyong
Journal: Journal of Biological Chemistry (2014): 19907--19916
Redox regulation of cysteine-674 of SERCA 2 is critical for growth factor-and ischemia-induced angiogenesis
Authors: Thompson, Melissa Danielle
Journal: (2014)
Authors: Thompson, Melissa Danielle
Journal: (2014)
References
View all 35 references: Citation Explorer
DNA damage caused by benzo(a)pyrene in MCF-7 cells is increased by verapamil, probenecid and PSC833
Authors: Myllynen P, Kurttila T, Vaskivuo L, Vahakangas K.
Journal: Toxicol Lett (2007): 3
Authors: Myllynen P, Kurttila T, Vaskivuo L, Vahakangas K.
Journal: Toxicol Lett (2007): 3
Is the monkey an appropriate animal model to examine drug-drug interactions involving renal clearance? Effect of probenecid on the renal elimination of H2 receptor antagonists
Authors: Tahara H, Kusuhara H, Chida M, Fuse E, Sugiyama Y.
Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2006): 1187
Authors: Tahara H, Kusuhara H, Chida M, Fuse E, Sugiyama Y.
Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2006): 1187
Inhibition of oat3-mediated renal uptake as a mechanism for drug-drug interaction between fexofenadine and probenecid
Authors: Tahara H, Kusuhara H, Maeda K, Koepsell H, Fuse E, Sugiyama Y.
Journal: Drug Metab Dispos (2006): 743
Authors: Tahara H, Kusuhara H, Maeda K, Koepsell H, Fuse E, Sugiyama Y.
Journal: Drug Metab Dispos (2006): 743
MRP2 (ABCC2) transports taxanes and confers paclitaxel resistance and both processes are stimulated by probenecid
Authors: Huisman MT, Chhatta AA, van Tellingen O, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH.
Journal: Int J Cancer (2005): 824
Authors: Huisman MT, Chhatta AA, van Tellingen O, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH.
Journal: Int J Cancer (2005): 824
Mediation of annexin 1 secretion by a probenecid-sensitive ABC-transporter in rat inflamed mucosa
Authors: Wein S, Fauroux M, Laffitte J, de Nadai P, Guaini C, Pons F, Comera C.
Journal: Biochem Pharmacol (2004): 1195
Authors: Wein S, Fauroux M, Laffitte J, de Nadai P, Guaini C, Pons F, Comera C.
Journal: Biochem Pharmacol (2004): 1195
Open randomized study of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine vs. pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine plus probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children
Authors: Sowunmi A, Fehintola FA, Adedeji AA, Gbotosho GO, Falade CO, Tambo E, Fateye BA, Happi TC, Oduola AM.
Journal: Trop Med Int Health (2004): 606
Authors: Sowunmi A, Fehintola FA, Adedeji AA, Gbotosho GO, Falade CO, Tambo E, Fateye BA, Happi TC, Oduola AM.
Journal: Trop Med Int Health (2004): 606
Inhibition of multidrug transporters by verapamil or probenecid does not alter blood-brain barrier penetration of levetiracetam in rats
Authors: Potschka H, Baltes S, Loscher W.
Journal: Epilepsy Res (2004): 85
Authors: Potschka H, Baltes S, Loscher W.
Journal: Epilepsy Res (2004): 85
Probenecid interacts with the pharmacokinetics of morphine-6-glucuronide in humans
Authors: Skarke C, Langer M, Jarrar M, Schmidt H, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J.
Journal: Anesthesiology (2004): 1394
Authors: Skarke C, Langer M, Jarrar M, Schmidt H, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J.
Journal: Anesthesiology (2004): 1394
Impact of Mrp2 on the biliary excretion and intestinal absorption of furosemide, probenecid, and methotrexate using Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats
Authors: Chen C, Scott D, Hanson E, Franco J, Berryman E, Volberg M, Liu X.
Journal: Pharm Res (2003): 31
Authors: Chen C, Scott D, Hanson E, Franco J, Berryman E, Volberg M, Liu X.
Journal: Pharm Res (2003): 31
The influence of inhibition of probenecid sensitive transporters on the central nervous system (CNS) uptake and the antinociceptive activity of morphine-6-glucuronide in rats
Authors: Lotsch J, Schmidt R, Vetter G, Schmidt H, Skarke C, Niederberger E, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I.
Journal: Neurosci Lett (2002): 145
Authors: Lotsch J, Schmidt R, Vetter G, Schmidt H, Skarke C, Niederberger E, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I.
Journal: Neurosci Lett (2002): 145
Application notes
A New Robust Fluorescent Calcium Indicator for Ca2+ Flux Assays in Living Cells
Calbryte™ 520, Calbryte™ 590 and Calbryte™ 630 Calcium Detection Reagents
A New Robust Fluorescent Calcium Indicator for Ca2+ Flux Assays in Living Cells
Calbryte™ 520, Calbryte™ 590 and Calbryte™ 630 Calcium Detection Reagents
A New Robust Fluorescent Calcium Indicator for Ca2+ Flux Assays in Living Cells
AssayWise
Prolonged Retention of Calbryte™ 520 AM for In Vitro Analysis
Prolonged Retention of Calbryte™ 520 AM for In Vitro Analysis
Prolonged Retention of Calbryte™ 520 AM for In Vitro Analysis
Prolonged Retention of Calbryte™ 520 AM for In Vitro Analysis
Prolonged Retention of Calbryte™ 520 AM for In Vitro Analysis