Name: Thioflavin T
Brand: AAT Bioquest
SKU: 23060
Price: 90 USD
Availability: InStock

Thioflavin T

Thioflavin T is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that binds to amyloid fibrils, widely used for detecting protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease and related research.

Amyloid-Specific Binding: >1000-fold fluorescence increase upon β-sheet interaction
Enhanced Quantum Yield: QY increases from 0.0001 to 0.43 when bound to fibrils
Excitation/Emission Shift: Free dye (350/438 nm) shifts to 450/482 nm when bound
Rapid Binding Kinetics: Real-time monitoring of amyloid formation

Protocol

SDS

COA

Catalog	Size	Price	Quantity
23060	1 g	Price

Overview

Background

Thioflavin T (ThT), also called Basic Yellow 1 or CI 49005, is a benzothiazole salt. It is part of a family of dyes known as thioflavins, which also includes Thioflavin S. These fluorophores have found extensive use in studying protein aggregation, specifically amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease.

When bound to beta sheet rich regions of proteins, such as those in amyloid oligomers, Thioflavin T undergoes a redshift in excitation and emission, producing an enhanced blue fluorescence signal. This binding does not appear to interfere with aggregation of endogenous beta-amyloid peptides into amyloid fibrils.

Excitation and emission

Thioflavin T is a fluorescent compound which, as a free dye, has an excitation peak at 385 nm and an emission peak at 445 nm. Once bound to proteins, the excitation peak shifts to 450 nm and the emission peak shifts to 482 nm.

Mechanism and principle

Thioflavin T contains a benzylamine and a benzothiazole ring that, in solution, can freely rotate along a carbon-carbon bond. This rotation is thought to quench the fluorescence of the dye. When bound to beta-sheet rich regions of proteins, this rotation is inhibited, thereby allowing excitation and subsequence emission.

LeVine H., 3rd (1993). Thioflavine T interaction with synthetic Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides: detection of amyloid aggregation in solution. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2(3), 404–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560020312

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of Thioflavin T to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

	0.1 mg	0.5 mg	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	313.607 µL	1.568 mL	3.136 mL	15.68 mL	31.361 mL
5 mM	62.721 µL	313.607 µL	627.215 µL	3.136 mL	6.272 mL
10 mM	31.361 µL	156.804 µL	313.607 µL	1.568 mL	3.136 mL

Molarity calculator

Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.

Mass (Calculate)		Molecular weight		Volume (Calculate)		Concentration (Calculate)		Moles
mg	÷	318.87 g/mol	=	mL	x	mM	=	mmol

Citations

View all 13 citations: Citation Explorer

Instantaneous Clearing of Biofilm (iCBiofilm): an optical approach to revisit bacterial and fungal biofilm imaging

Authors:

Sugimoto, Shinya and Kinjo, Yuki

Journal:

Communications Biology (2023): 1--17

Switching G-quadruplex to parallel duplex by molecular rotor clustering

Authors:

Xu, Qiuda and Yang, Mujing and Chang, Yun and Peng, Shuzhen and Wang, Dandan and Zhou, Xiaoshun and Shao, Yong

Journal:

Nucleic Acids Research (2022): 10249--10263

Astragaloside IV ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in an oligomeric A$\beta$ induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model via inhibition of microglial activation and NADPH oxidase expression

Authors:

Chen, Fei and Yang, Dan and Cheng, Xiao-Yu and Yang, Hui and Yang, Xin-He and Liu, He-Tao and Wang, Rui and Zheng, Ping and Yao, Yao and Li, Juan

Journal:

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2021): b21--00381

Human serum albumin aggregation/fibrillation and its abilities to drugs binding

Authors:

Maci{\k{a}}{\.z}ek-Jurczyk, Ma{\l}gorzata and Janas, Kamil and Po{\.z}ycka, Jadwiga and Szkudlarek, Agnieszka and Rog{\'o}{\.z}, Wojciech and Owczarzy, Aleksandra and Kulig, Karolina

Journal:

Molecules (2020): 618

Redundant and distinct roles of secreted protein Eap and cell wall-anchored protein SasG in biofilm formation and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus

Authors:

Yonemoto, Keigo and Chiba, Akio and Sugimoto, Shinya and Sato, Chikara and Saito, Mitsuru and Kinjo, Yuki and Marumo, Keishi and Mizunoe, Yoshimitsu

Journal:

Infection and immunity (2019): e00894--18

References

View all 28 references: Citation Explorer

Methods for enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of Congo red and thioflavin T assays

Authors:

Eisert R, Felau L, Brown LR.

Journal:

Anal Biochem (2006): 144

Lipophilic analogs of thioflavin S as novel amyloid-imaging agents

Authors:

Wu C, Cai L, Wei J, Pike VW, Wang Y.

Journal:

Curr Alzheimer Res (2006): 259

Oligo(ethylene glycol) derivatives of Thioflavin T as inhibitors of protein-amyloid interactions

Authors:

Inbar P, Li CQ, Takayama SA, Bautista MR, Yang J.

Journal:

Chembiochem (2006): 1563

Mechanism of thioflavin T accumulation inside cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein: role of lipophilicity and positive charge

Authors:

Darghal N, Garnier-Suillerot A, Salerno M.

Journal:

Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2006): 623

Characteristics of the binding of thioflavin S to tau paired helical filaments

Authors:

Santa-Maria I, Perez M, Hern and ez F, Avila J, Moreno FJ.

Journal:

J Alzheimers Dis (2006): 279

Physical properties

Molecular weight	318.87
Solvent	DMSO

Spectral properties

Absorbance (nm)	199
Excitation (nm)	349
Emission (nm)	454

Storage, safety and handling

H-phrase	H303, H313, H333
Hazard symbol	XN
Intended use	Research Use Only (RUO)
R-phrase	R20, R21, R22
Storage	Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC	12352200
CAS	2390-54-7

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Page updated on October 11, 2025