XFD790, manufactured by AAT Bioquest, is a highly efficient near-infrared fluorescent dye that is structurally similar to Alexa Fluor™ 790 (Thermo Fisher). Spectrally analogous to indocyanine green (ICG) and IRDye™ 800, XFD790 demonstrates exceptional aqueous solubility and sustained fluorescence stability over a broad pH range (pH 4–10), ensuring consistent and reproducible performance across diverse experimental conditions. Its long-wavelength emission effectively mitigates background autofluorescence, thereby enhancing signal-to-noise ratios in complex biological matrices, including tissue samples. As the longest-wavelength fluorophore in the XFD series, XFD790 offers superior spectral separation from widely used far-red fluorophores such as iFluor® 647, XFD647, and allophycocyanin (APC), facilitating precise multicolor fluorescence analyses. Furthermore, its optical properties make it an excellent candidate for small animal in vivo imaging (SAIVI) and two-color western blot applications using the LI-COR™ Odyssey™ infrared imaging system.

XFD790 amine is a carbonyl-reactive building block for modifying carboxylic groups in the presence of activators such as EDC or DCC, or activated esters like NHS esters, through the formation of stable amide bonds. Additionally, it can be used as an amine donor for enzymatic transamination labeling.