There are four types of IgG - IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. These four IgG’s together make up 10% to 20% of human plasma. All four are an integral part of the body’s immune system. However, each of them have inherently different properties and functions. Each subclass has its own unique half-life, immune complex formation, complement activation, and antigen binding protocols. In addition, each subclass triggers their respective effector cells in different ways.
IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses contain antibodies against toxins produced by the tetanus and diphtheria bacteria. They also contain antibodies against foreign antigens.
IgG2 subclass is rich in antibodies against the polysaccharide covering of certain disease-causing bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
IgG4 subclass is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases including pancreatitis, asthma, and certain allergies.