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AAT Bioquest

Do bacterial cells have DNA?

Posted February 9, 2023


Answer

The majority of bacterial cells consist of a haploid genome, a single chromosome that has a double stranded DNA molecule. However, bacteria organize their DNA in a different manner than higher order organisms do. The bacterial chromosome, as well as proteins and RNA molecules, form an abnormally shaped structure known as the nucleoid; the nucleoid exists in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. Bacteria also contain plasmids, in which each plasmid has its own origin of replication site. The origin of the replication site makes sure that its DNA gets copied by the host bacterium. Thus, plasmids can replicate themselves independently of the bacterial chromosome and make hundreds of plasmids within a single cell. 

Some bacterial cells may contain two chromosomes (e.g. melitensis), and some of their DNA may also be linear instead of circular. Sequences of bases in DNA have been obtained for hundreds of bacteria. DNA in bacterial chromosomes ranging from 580,000 base pairs in Mycoplasma genitalium to 9,450,000 base pairs in Myxococcus xanthus.

Additional resources

Genetics

MycoLight™ Flow Cytometric Live Bacteria Assay Kit