What are the basic categories of drugs?

The basic categories of drugs include opioids, depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. 

• Depressants are drugs that slow down the central nervous system and brain function. They act by increasing levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which suppresses nerve cell signals, leading to a feeling of relaxation. Examples include alcohol and benzodiazepines. 
• Opioids are drugs used to relieve physical pain by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, blocking pain signals from the nervous system. They can be derived from natural sources like the poppy plant or synthesized in a lab. Examples include morphine and oxycodone. 
• Drugs that accelerate the central nervous system are called stimulants. These short-acting drugs cause the brain to produce dopamine, which leads to a powerful surge of energy and confidence, as well as a reduced need for sleep or food. Examples of stimulants include methamphetamine and prescription stimulants like Adderall. 
• Hallucinogens are substances that alter consciousness and perception. They can cause hallucinations, paranoia, euphoria, and detachment from reality. Examples include LSD, ketamine, and high-potency cannabis.