What are the differences between bacteria and eukaryotes?

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Accepted Answer

Basis of differentiation

Bacteria

Eukaryotes

Piody

Haploid

Diploid

Genetic reassortment

Infrequent short gene conversion and horizontal gene transfer events

Homologous recombination and chromosome segregation linked to reproduction

Origin

Bacteria were colonized and abundant for over a billion years before eukaryotes existed

Eukaryotes originated approximately 1-1.5 billion years after prokaryotes

Size

Most bacterial cells are extremely small (1 micrometer in diameter)

Eukaryotic cells range from 10-100 micrometers in size

Ribosomes

Bacteria have 70 S ribosomes

Eukaryotes have 80 S ribosomes

Modification of RNA

No mRNA modifications occur in bacteria

mRNA modifications occur after transcription

Transcription and translation

Transcription and translated are coupled in bacteria

Transcription and translation occur individually in eukaryotes

Introns and repetitive sequences

Introns and repetitive sequences are not present in bacteria

Introns and repetitive sequences are present in bacteria

Initiation of protein synthesis

Protein synthesis of bacteria is initiated by formyl-methionine

Protein synthesis is initiated by methionine

Internal compartments

Bacteria do not contain any internal compartments or an internal membrane system

Eukaryotes contain internal compartments and an internal membrane system

Reproduction

Bacteria produce asexually (binary fission)

Mitosis occurs in eukaryotes

Chromosomes

Single circular DNA is present in bacteria

Proteins and DNA are complexed to form multiple chromosomes

Flagella

Some bacterial cells contain a simple flagella that are made out of a single fiber of flagellin protein

Some eukaryotes have a complex flagella and cilia with a structure of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Unicellular or multicellular

All bacterial cells are unicellular

Eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular

Basis of differentiation	Bacteria	Eukaryotes
Piody	Haploid	Diploid
Genetic reassortment	Infrequent short gene conversion and horizontal gene transfer events	Homologous recombination and chromosome segregation linked to reproduction
Origin	Bacteria were colonized and abundant for over a billion years before eukaryotes existed	Eukaryotes originated approximately 1-1.5 billion years after prokaryotes
Size	Most bacterial cells are extremely small (1 micrometer in diameter)	Eukaryotic cells range from 10-100 micrometers in size
Ribosomes	Bacteria have 70 S ribosomes	Eukaryotes have 80 S ribosomes
Modification of RNA	No mRNA modifications occur in bacteria	mRNA modifications occur after transcription
Transcription and translation	Transcription and translated are coupled in bacteria	Transcription and translation occur individually in eukaryotes
Introns and repetitive sequences	Introns and repetitive sequences are not present in bacteria	Introns and repetitive sequences are present in bacteria
Initiation of protein synthesis	Protein synthesis of bacteria is initiated by formyl-methionine	Protein synthesis is initiated by methionine
Internal compartments	Bacteria do not contain any internal compartments or an internal membrane system	Eukaryotes contain internal compartments and an internal membrane system
Reproduction	Bacteria produce asexually (binary fission)	Mitosis occurs in eukaryotes
Chromosomes	Single circular DNA is present in bacteria	Proteins and DNA are complexed to form multiple chromosomes
Flagella	Some bacterial cells contain a simple flagella that are made out of a single fiber of flagellin protein	Some eukaryotes have a complex flagella and cilia with a structure of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Unicellular or multicellular	All bacterial cells are unicellular	Eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular

Basis of differentiation

Bacteria

Eukaryotes

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