What are the growth factor signaling pathways and their end result?

Growth factor signaling pathways include: PI3k/Akt, JAK/STAT, and MAPK, and c-SRC. 

1. The main function of the PI3k/Akt pathway is to promote cell survival through inhibit apoptosis. AKT activation leads to the phosphorylation and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins, thus preventing cell death. This pathway is also often activated in response to growth factors, leading to increased cell proliferation and growth. Abnormal activation of this pathway promotes the survival and proliferation of tumor cells in many human cancers. 
2. The JAK/STAT pathway involves the binding of the extracellular ligand to pathway activation through changes to the receptors which allow the intracellular JAKs associated with them to phosphorylate one another. Cytokines bind to specific receptors and allow the transactivation of the correlated JAKs. Activated JAKs which then phosphorylated tyrosines on the intracellular domains of the receptors, which gather the signal transducers and STAT transcription factors. 
3. MAPK pathways contain 3 sequentially activated protein kinases that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death in eukaryotes. The MAPK pathway includes signaling molecules RaS, MEK, Raf, and ERK. Typically, extracellular growth factors activate the pathway that binds to receptor tyrosine kinases. This generates the cascade of signaling via the MAPK pathway signaling molecules and leads to the transcriptions of genes which are involved in essential cellular processes aforementioned. 
4. The c-SCR pathway refers to the signaling cascade involving the c-SRC protein. The c-SRC protein may be activated by growth factors and upon activation is phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues. Phosphorylated c-SRC then acts as a kinase, adding phosphate groups to target proteins. The activated pathway then transduces signals which are involved in the control of different cellular processes such as differentiation, motility, adhesion, and proliferation.