The three types of culture media based on their nutritional components are: simple media, synthetic media, and complex media. 

1. Simple mediasupport the growth of a wide range of microbes without specific nutritional requirements.
2. Synthetic media are defined mediums made from pure chemicals, with known concentrations of ingredients like sugars and nitrogen sources. 
3. Complex mediacontain nutrients in unspecified amounts to induce specific characteristics in microbial strains.