What happens if the DNA damage is too extensive?

If the DNA damage is too extensive, the damaged cell may undergo apoptosis. It does this to prevent the accumulation of genetic errors and potential cancerous growth. Another possibility is that the cells may become senescent, where it ceases to divide and proliferate. Senescent cells typically remain metabolically active but no longer contribute to tissue function. Cellular senescence serves as a defense mechanism against cancer by acting as a barrier that stops tumor cells from continuing to replicate. A third possibility is that despite the presence of extensive damage, the cell may continue to proliferate. This can lead to genomic instability, where additional mutations accumulate over time, increasing the risk of cancer development and other genetic disorders.