When do immunodeficiencies occur?

Immunodeficiencies occur when the immune response in the body is compromised or absent. The immune system defends the body against antigens or harmful pathogens such as bacteria viruses, cancer cells, and other toxins.  In case of immunodeficiency, the immune system does not respond as it should, leaving the body vulnerable to various diseases. 

Immunodeficiencies may occur due to two main reasons – genetic disorders or environmental factors. 

Immunodeficiencies that occur due to genetic mutations are called primary immunodeficiency disorders. They typically present at birth and may be diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or even later in life. 

Immunodeficiencies that occur due to environmental factors are called secondary immunodeficiency disorders. They may occur as a result of malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, or certain types of medical treatment such as chemotherapy.