What are the principles of southern blotting?

Southern blotting involves transferring DNA molecules from a gel onto a membrane for detection and identification, similar to other blotting techniques. First, DNA is cut with restriction enzymes and separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA strands are then denatured and transported to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane via blotting. After immobilizing the strands on the membrane surface, DNA sequences can be detected through hybridization. The probes are tagged with substances that enable visualization using different methods, depending on the type of probes utilized.