JC-1
5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide; CAS#: 3520-43-2
JC-1 is widely used for determining mitochondrial membrane potential with flow cytometry. It is capable of entering selectively into mitochondria, and changes reversibly its color from green to orange as membrane potentials increase (over values of about 80-100 mV). This property is due to the reversible formation of JC-1 aggregates upon membrane polarization that causes shifts in emitted light from 530 nm (i.e., emission of JC-1 monomeric form) to 590 nm (i.e., emission of J-aggregate). When excited at 490 nm, the color of JC-1 changes reversibly from green to greenish orange as the mitochondrial membrane becomes more polarized. Both colors can be detected using the filters commonly mounted in all flow cytometers, so that green emission can be analyzed in fluorescence channel 1 (FL1) and greenish orange emission in channel 2 (FL2). The main advantage of the use of JC-1 is that it can be both qualitative, considering the shift from green to orange fluorescence emission, and quantitative, considering the pure fluorescence intensity, which can be detected in both FL1 and FL2 channels. Besides its wide use with flow cytometry, it is also used in fluorescence imaging. We have developed a protocol to use it in fluorescence microplate platform. Although JC-1 is widely used in many labs, its poor water solubility makes it hard to use for some applications. Our JC-10 has much better water solubility than JC-1, and in some cell lines JC-10 has even superior performance to JC-1. Interestingly the performance of JC-10 is quite cell line-dependent.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of JC-1 [5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide] *CAS#: 3520-43-2* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 153.32 µL | 766.601 µL | 1.533 mL | 7.666 mL | 15.332 mL |
5 mM | 30.664 µL | 153.32 µL | 306.64 µL | 1.533 mL | 3.066 mL |
10 mM | 15.332 µL | 76.66 µL | 153.32 µL | 766.601 µL | 1.533 mL |
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Citations
View all 34 citations: Citation Explorer
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Journal: Phytomedicine (2024): 155855
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Journal: Phytomedicine (2024): 155855
Insulin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial hyperpolarization and caspase-12 in INS-1 pancreatic $\beta$-cells
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Journal: Physiological Reports (2024): e16106
Authors: Murata, Nanako and Nishimura, Kana and Harada, Naoki and Kitakaze, Tomoya and Yoshihara, Eiji and Inui, Hiroshi and Yamaji, Ryoichi
Journal: Physiological Reports (2024): e16106
Autophagy-deficient macrophages exacerbate cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney injury via miR-195a-5p-SIRT3 axis
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Journal: Nature Communications (2024): 4383
Authors: Yuan, Yujia and Yuan, Longhui and Yang, Jingchao and Liu, Fei and Liu, Shuyun and Li, Lan and Liao, Guangneng and Tang, Xi and Cheng, Jingqiu and Liu, Jingping and others,
Journal: Nature Communications (2024): 4383
Palmitic Acid Exerts Anti-Tumorigenic Activities by Modulating Cellular Stress and Lipid Droplet Formation in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zhao, Ziyi and Wang, Jiandong and Kong, Weimin and Newton, Meredith A and Burkett, Wesley C and Sun, Wenchuan and Buckingham, Lindsey and O’Donnell, Jillian and Suo, Hongyan and Deng, Boer and others,
Journal: Biomolecules (2024): 601
Authors: Zhao, Ziyi and Wang, Jiandong and Kong, Weimin and Newton, Meredith A and Burkett, Wesley C and Sun, Wenchuan and Buckingham, Lindsey and O’Donnell, Jillian and Suo, Hongyan and Deng, Boer and others,
Journal: Biomolecules (2024): 601
Ipatasertib, an oral AKT inhibitor, in combination with carboplatin exhibits anti-proliferative effects in uterine serous carcinoma
Authors: Burkett, Wesley C and Zhao, Ziyi and Newton, Meredith A and Sun, Wenchuan and Deng, Boer and Secord, Angeles Alvarez and Zhou, Chunxiao and Bae-Jump, Victoria
Journal: Annals of Medicine (2023): 603--614
Authors: Burkett, Wesley C and Zhao, Ziyi and Newton, Meredith A and Sun, Wenchuan and Deng, Boer and Secord, Angeles Alvarez and Zhou, Chunxiao and Bae-Jump, Victoria
Journal: Annals of Medicine (2023): 603--614
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