What are the applications of each type of genetic markers?

Applications of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD):

• Genome mapping
• Individual specific genotyping
• Linkage analyses
• Studying polymorphism

Applications of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP):

• Genetic fingerprinting/profiling
• Identification of inherited diseases and carriers
• Genetic mapping
• Heterozygous detection

Applications of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP):

• Biomedical research (comparing disease case and control groups)
• Phylogenetic studies
• Genetic variation analysis

Applications of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP):

• Rapid generation of marker fragments without prior DNA sequencing 
• Parentage and genomic interpretation of crop species
• Crop improvement programs

Applications of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR):

• Gene mapping
• Plant selection studies
• Reliable and reproducible genetic analyses

Applications of Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS):

• Gene mapping
• Codominant and locus-specific marker studies

Applications of Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs):

• Gene mapping
• Studying population genetics
• Determining species closeness
• Automated screening for DNA length variations

Applications of Expressed Sequence Tags (EST):

• Whole genome sequencing
• Gene of interest studies
• Cloning and gene mapping

Applications of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR):

• Phylogenetic analysis
• Identification of genetic diversity
• Study of gene tagging, gene mapping, and parental recognition
• Detecting somaclonal variations in plants and proximity of cultivars