What are the differences between humoral immunity and cell-dedicated immunity?

Question

Accepted Answer

Basis of differentiation

Humoral immunity

Cell-dedicated immunity

Definition

Is a form of immunity in which B-lymphocytes and plasma cells produce antibodies to defend against pathogens and foreign substances in the body

Is a form of immunity in which specialized T cells direct target and destroy infected or abnormal cells in the body

Components produced

Produces components of B-cell and T-cell antibodies

Produces components of helper T-cells, cytotoxic T- cells, natural killer (NK)-cells and macrophages

Main cells involved in immunity

B-cells

Mature T-cells and lymphocytes

Protection against

Extracellular bacterial or viral pathogens

Viruses, fungi, and intracellular bacterial pathogens

Pathogen recognition and response

Recognizes and reacts to antigens or pathogens circulating in the lymph or blood

Responds to all cells that exhibit anomalous MHC markers, including cells invaded by pathogens, tumor cells, or transplanted cells

Immunological surveillance

Does not provide immunological surveillance

Provides immunological surveillance due to the presence of an MHC class of molecules

Line of defense

Is the first line of defense

Is the second line of defense

Activation

Always active in the body and circulated by body fluid

Only active when triggered by mature T-Cells and macrophages

Type of T-cell involved

Helper T-cell (CD4+)

Helper T-cell (CD4+) and cytotoxic T-cell (CD8+)

Receptor Involved

B-cell receptors (BCRs)

T-cell receptors (TCRs)

Antigen detectors

Phagocytes and antibodies themselves

Receptors and MHC molecules present on the cell surfaces

Antigen processing and presentation

Not required

Is required for T-lymphocyte mediated response

Antigen Binding

Antibodies, which are produced by B-cells, bind to antigens

T-cells bind to T-cell receptors on cells before binding to antigens

Antibodies formation

Antibodies are formed

Antibodies are not formed

Onset

Rapid onset

Delayed onset

Result

Activation results in the differentiation of plasma B-cells and secreting antibodies

Activation results in cytokine secretion

Type of hypersensitivity reactions mediated

Hypersensitivity type I, II, and III

Hypersensitivity type IV

Immunity against cancer

Does not provide immunity against cancer

Provides protection against cancer by destroying the tumor and cancerous cells

Role in organ transplantation and grafting

May be involved in early graft rejection because of preformed antibodies

Is involved in rejections of organ transplants

Assessment method

From plasma level of antibodies

Skin test for the development of delayed-type of hypersensitivity

Basis of differentiation	Humoral immunity	Cell-dedicated immunity
Definition	Is a form of immunity in which B-lymphocytes and plasma cells produce antibodies to defend against pathogens and foreign substances in the body	Is a form of immunity in which specialized T cells direct target and destroy infected or abnormal cells in the body
Components produced	Produces components of B-cell and T-cell antibodies	Produces components of helper T-cells, cytotoxic T- cells, natural killer (NK)-cells and macrophages
Main cells involved in immunity	B-cells	Mature T-cells and lymphocytes
Protection against	Extracellular bacterial or viral pathogens	Viruses, fungi, and intracellular bacterial pathogens
Pathogen recognition and response	Recognizes and reacts to antigens or pathogens circulating in the lymph or blood	Responds to all cells that exhibit anomalous MHC markers, including cells invaded by pathogens, tumor cells, or transplanted cells
Immunological surveillance	Does not provide immunological surveillance	Provides immunological surveillance due to the presence of an MHC class of molecules
Line of defense	Is the first line of defense	Is the second line of defense
Activation	Always active in the body and circulated by body fluid	Only active when triggered by mature T-Cells and macrophages
Type of T-cell involved	Helper T-cell (CD4+)	Helper T-cell (CD4+) and cytotoxic T-cell (CD8+)
Receptor Involved	B-cell receptors (BCRs)	T-cell receptors (TCRs)
Antigen detectors	Phagocytes and antibodies themselves	Receptors and MHC molecules present on the cell surfaces
Antigen processing and presentation	Not required	Is required for T-lymphocyte mediated response
Antigen Binding	Antibodies, which are produced by B-cells, bind to antigens	T-cells bind to T-cell receptors on cells before binding to antigens
Antibodies formation	Antibodies are formed	Antibodies are not formed
Onset	Rapid onset	Delayed onset
Result	Activation results in the differentiation of plasma B-cells and secreting antibodies	Activation results in cytokine secretion
Type of hypersensitivity reactions mediated	Hypersensitivity type I, II, and III	Hypersensitivity type IV
Immunity against cancer	Does not provide immunity against cancer	Provides protection against cancer by destroying the tumor and cancerous cells
Role in organ transplantation and grafting	May be involved in early graft rejection because of preformed antibodies	Is involved in rejections of organ transplants
Assessment method	From plasma level of antibodies	Skin test for the development of delayed-type of hypersensitivity

Basis of differentiation

Humoral immunity

Cell-dedicated immunity

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