What are the functions of Acetylcholinesterase?

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme found at postsynaptic neuromuscular junctions, like in the muscles and nerves.  AChE hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh) into acetic acid and choline. Acetylcholinesterase’s function is to halt neuronal communication and signaling at synapses, preventing the dispersion of acetylcholine (ACh) and subsequent activation of nearby receptors. 

Besides its traditional role in synaptic transmission, acetylcholinesterase functions within non-neuronal cells. AChE has a role in critical cellular processes such as cellular growth, apoptosis, resistance to drugs, response to stress signals, and inflammation. AChE also serves as a crucial regulator within oncogenic signaling pathways that influence fundamental aspects of tumor behavior. These include proliferation, cell-cell adhesion differentiation, invasion, migration, and the formation of metastases in primary tumors.