What are the main therapeutic proteins?

The main therapeutic proteins can be categorized into these groups: 

• Cytokines play a central role in immune response. They are produced by various white blood cells as a result of immune stimulus. Interferons, which were the first family of cytokines to be discovered and used as biopharmaceuticals, are used to treat hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, leukemia, and other types of cancers. 
• Growth factors are proteins that activate cells for proliferation or differentiation by binding to receptors present on the surface of cells. There are several different types of growth factors including EGF, TGF, and insulin-like growth factors. Two growth factors commonly used as biopharmaceuticals are Osigraft/Eptotermin alfa, which is used to treat tibia fractures and InductOS/Dibotermin, which is used in spinal surgery and also to treat fractures of the tibia fractures. 
• The most widely known therapeutic hormones are glucagon, growth hormones, insulin, and gonadotropins. Insulin and recombinant human growth hormones were the first two biopharmaceuticals that were approved by regulatory organizations. Hormones may be used in various treatments including the treatment of female infertility. 
• Mammalian cells express several different recombinant therapeutic enzymes, each of which is used for different purposes. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots. Recombinant tPA is used to treat acute myocardial infarction.
• Therapeutic antibodies are used to treat a wide range of conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and infections. Avasin (Bevacizeimab) is an antibody used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer by acting as an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor. Another commercially available antibody, Zenapax, is used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs during prophylaxis.