What is coenzyme A?

Coenzyme A is a non-protein chemical substance that contains adenosine 3-phosphate 5-pyrophosphate, pantothenic acid, and cysteamine. It acts as a helper molecule and is responsible for the activation of some enzymes, in particular the proteins that catalyze vital chemical reactions in the body. Coenzyme A is naturally synthesized from pantothenic acid or vitamin B5, which is found in a wide range of food sources. It can also be produced in a chemical laboratory and is also referred to as CoA, CoASH or HSCoA. Coenzyme A (CoA) plays a critical role in two important biological processes – the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. It is the key cofactor that is responsible for initiating the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, which produces carbon dioxide and adenosine triphosphate. It also helps to improve the function of certain proteins and sugars and is used in drugs to extend the half-life of certain medications.