Dermal Tissue

Dermal tissue forms the outer protective covering of the plant. It is made up of a single layer of cells called the epidermis, which protects the soft tissues of the plant from pathogens and physical damage. The dermal tissue also regulates gas exchange and water absorption and prevents loss of water. 

Vascular Tissue

Vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant. It consists of two specialized conducting tissues:

• Xylem: Provides structural support and transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
• Phloem: Transports the products of photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are needed or stored.

Ground Tissue

Ground tissue fills the interior of the plant and carries out diverse functions depending on the type of cell and location in the plant. It is responsible for providing support, storage, and photosynthesis. It includes three types of cells:

• Parenchyma: Involved in photosynthesis, storage, and tissue repair
• Collenchyma: Provides flexible support to growing parts of the plant
• Sclerenchyma: Provides rigid support and strength, often found in parts of the plant that are no longer growing