DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3*
![Chemical structure for DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3*](https://images.aatbio.com/products/figures-and-data/dapi-4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride-cas-28718-90-3/chemical-structure-of-dapi-4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride-cas-28718-90-3.svg)
| Overview |  SDSProtocol |
See also: Antibodies and Proteomics, Antibody and Protein Labeling, Bioconjugation, Cell Cycle Assays, Cell Structures and Organelles, Nucleus, Cellular Processes, DAPI - Blue Fluorescent DNA Stain, Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
CAS 28718-90-3 | Molecular weight 350.25 | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) 27000 | Excitation (nm) 359 | Emission (nm) 457 |
DAPI is a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to DNA. It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy. Since DAPI passes through an intact cell membrane, it can be used to stain live cells besides fixed cells. For fluorescence microscopy, DAPI is excited with ultraviolet light. When bound to double-stranded DNA its absorption maximum is at 358 nm and its emission maximum is at 461 nm. One drawback of DAPI is that its emission is fairly broad. DAPI also binds to RNA although it is not as strongly fluorescent as it binds to DNA. Its emission shifts to around 500 nm when bound to RNA. DAPI's blue emission is convenient for multiplexing assays since there is very little fluorescence overlap between DAPI and green-fluorescent molecules like fluorescein and green fluorescent protein (GFP), or red-fluorescent stains like Texas Red. Besides labeling cell nuclei, DAPI is also used for the detection of mycoplasma or virus DNA in cell cultures.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of Water needed to reconstitute specific mass of DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3* to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
| 0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 285.51 µL | 1.428 mL | 2.855 mL | 14.276 mL | 28.551 mL |
| 5 mM | 57.102 µL | 285.51 µL | 571.021 µL | 2.855 mL | 5.71 mL |
| 10 mM | 28.551 µL | 142.755 µL | 285.51 µL | 1.428 mL | 2.855 mL |
Molarity calculator
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| Mass (Calculate) | Molecular weight | Volume (Calculate) | Concentration (Calculate) | Moles | ||||
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Spectrum
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Spectral properties
| Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 27000 |
| Excitation (nm) | 359 |
| Emission (nm) | 457 |
Images
Figure 1. Chemical structure for DAPI [4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride] *CAS 28718-90-3*
Citations
View all 63 citations: Citation Explorer
Assessment of Cellular Alignment and Proliferation on Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) Films
Authors: Roozbahani, Sahar
Journal: (2022)
Authors: Roozbahani, Sahar
Journal: (2022)
Protocol for assaying chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq in plants
Authors: Wang, Fu-Xiang and Shang, Guan-Dong and Wu, Lian-Yu and Mai, Yan-Xia and Gao, Jian and Xu, Zhou-Geng and Wang, Jia-Wei
Journal: STAR protocols (2021): 100289
Authors: Wang, Fu-Xiang and Shang, Guan-Dong and Wu, Lian-Yu and Mai, Yan-Xia and Gao, Jian and Xu, Zhou-Geng and Wang, Jia-Wei
Journal: STAR protocols (2021): 100289
Shikonin attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by targeting SOCS1/JAK/STAT signaling pathway of fibroblast like synoviocytes
Authors: He, Lianhua and Luan, Huijie and He, Juan and Zhang, Miaomiao and Qin, Qingxia and Hu, Yiping and Cai, Yueming and Sun, Desheng and Shi, Yu and Wang, Qingwen
Journal: Chinese Medicine (2021): 1--15
Authors: He, Lianhua and Luan, Huijie and He, Juan and Zhang, Miaomiao and Qin, Qingxia and Hu, Yiping and Cai, Yueming and Sun, Desheng and Shi, Yu and Wang, Qingwen
Journal: Chinese Medicine (2021): 1--15
A Novel Dibenzoxazepine Attenuates Intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium Oxidative Stress Resistance
Authors: Hsu, Cheng-Yun and Wu, Yi-Lun and Lin, Hsueh-Chun and Lin, Man-Yi and Chou, Shih-Hsiu and Shiau, Chung-Wai and Chiu, Hao-Chieh
Journal: Microbiology spectrum (2021): e01519--21
Authors: Hsu, Cheng-Yun and Wu, Yi-Lun and Lin, Hsueh-Chun and Lin, Man-Yi and Chou, Shih-Hsiu and Shiau, Chung-Wai and Chiu, Hao-Chieh
Journal: Microbiology spectrum (2021): e01519--21
$\omega$3 fatty acid metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, alleviates contact hypersensitivity by downregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene expression in keratinocytes via retinoid X receptor $\alpha$
Authors: Saika, Azusa and Nagatake, Takahiro and Hirata, So-ichiro and Sawane, Kento and Adachi, Jun and Abe, Yuichi and Isoyama, Junko and Morimoto, Sakiko and Node, Eri and Tiwari, Prabha and others,
Journal: The FASEB Journal (2021): e21354
Authors: Saika, Azusa and Nagatake, Takahiro and Hirata, So-ichiro and Sawane, Kento and Adachi, Jun and Abe, Yuichi and Isoyama, Junko and Morimoto, Sakiko and Node, Eri and Tiwari, Prabha and others,
Journal: The FASEB Journal (2021): e21354
Cobalt-doped bioceramic scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing show enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties for bone repair
Authors: Li, Jungang and Zhao, Chaoqian and Liu, Chun and Wang, Zhenyu and Ling, Zeming and Lin, Bin and Tan, Bizhi and Zhou, Linquan and Chen, Yan and Liu, Delong and others,
Journal: Biomedical engineering online (2021): 1--24
Authors: Li, Jungang and Zhao, Chaoqian and Liu, Chun and Wang, Zhenyu and Ling, Zeming and Lin, Bin and Tan, Bizhi and Zhou, Linquan and Chen, Yan and Liu, Delong and others,
Journal: Biomedical engineering online (2021): 1--24
12-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid inhibits foam cell formation and ameliorates high-fat diet-induced pathology of atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Nagatake, Takahiro and Shibata, Yuki and Morimoto, Sakiko and Node, Eri and Sawane, Kento and Hirata, So-ichiro and Adachi, Jun and Abe, Yuichi and Isoyama, Junko and Saika, Azusa and others,
Journal: Scientific Reports (2021): 1--11
Authors: Nagatake, Takahiro and Shibata, Yuki and Morimoto, Sakiko and Node, Eri and Sawane, Kento and Hirata, So-ichiro and Adachi, Jun and Abe, Yuichi and Isoyama, Junko and Saika, Azusa and others,
Journal: Scientific Reports (2021): 1--11
17 (S), 18 (R)-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid generated by cytochrome P450 BM-3 from Bacillus megaterium inhibits the development of contact hypersensitivity via G-protein-coupled receptor 40-mediated neutrophil suppression
Authors: Saika, Azusa and Nagatake, Takahiro and Kishino, Shigenobu and Park, Si-Bum and Honda, Tetsuya and Matsumoto, Naomi and Shimojou, Michiko and Morimoto, Sakiko and Tiwari, Prabha and Node, Eri and others,
Journal: FASEB BioAdvances (2020): 59--71
Authors: Saika, Azusa and Nagatake, Takahiro and Kishino, Shigenobu and Park, Si-Bum and Honda, Tetsuya and Matsumoto, Naomi and Shimojou, Michiko and Morimoto, Sakiko and Tiwari, Prabha and Node, Eri and others,
Journal: FASEB BioAdvances (2020): 59--71
CXCL11 promotes tumor progression by the biased use of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR7
Authors: Puchert, Malte and Obst, Jessica and Koch, Christian and Zieger, Konstanze and Engele, Jürgen
Journal: Cytokine (2020): 154809
Authors: Puchert, Malte and Obst, Jessica and Koch, Christian and Zieger, Konstanze and Engele, Jürgen
Journal: Cytokine (2020): 154809
Alendronate loaded graphene oxide functionalized collagen sponge for the dual effects of osteogenesis and anti-osteoclastogenesis in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Zeng, Yuyang and Zhou, Muran and Chen, Lifeng and Fang, Huimin and Liu, Shaokai and Zhou, Chuchao and Sun, Jiaming and Wang, Zhenxing
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020): 859--870
Authors: Zeng, Yuyang and Zhou, Muran and Chen, Lifeng and Fang, Huimin and Liu, Shaokai and Zhou, Chuchao and Sun, Jiaming and Wang, Zhenxing
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020): 859--870
References
View all 134 references: Citation Explorer
Reliable DNA ploidy determination in dehydrated tissues of vascular plants by DAPI flow cytometry--new prospects for plant research
Authors: Suda J, Travnicek P.
Journal: Cytometry A (2006): 273
Authors: Suda J, Travnicek P.
Journal: Cytometry A (2006): 273
Identification of all pachytene bivalents in the common shrew using DAPI-staining of synaptonemal complex spreads
Authors: Belonogova NM, Karamysheva TV, Biltueva LS, Perepelov EA, Minina JM, Polyakov AV, Zhdanova NS, Rubtsov NB, Searle JB, Borodin PM.
Journal: Chromosome Res (2006): 673
Authors: Belonogova NM, Karamysheva TV, Biltueva LS, Perepelov EA, Minina JM, Polyakov AV, Zhdanova NS, Rubtsov NB, Searle JB, Borodin PM.
Journal: Chromosome Res (2006): 673
Physical localization of ribosomal genes and chromosome DAPI banding by in situ hybridization in Medicago sativa L
Authors: Chen JM, Hong YH, Wang YP, Bowley S, Wan JM.
Journal: Yi Chuan (2006): 184
Authors: Chen JM, Hong YH, Wang YP, Bowley S, Wan JM.
Journal: Yi Chuan (2006): 184
DNA staining with the fluorochromes EtBr, DAPI and YOYO-1 in the comet assay with tobacco plants after treatment with ethyl methanesulphonate, hyperthermia and DNase-I
Authors: Gichner T, Mukherjee A, Veleminsky J.
Journal: Mutat Res (2006): 17
Authors: Gichner T, Mukherjee A, Veleminsky J.
Journal: Mutat Res (2006): 17
Investigation of chromosomes in varieties and translocation lines of pea Pisum sativum L. by FISH, Ag-NOR, and differential DAPI staining
Authors: Samatadze TE, Muravenko OM, Bol'sheva NL, Amosova AB, Gostimsckii SA, Zelenin AV.
Journal: Genetika (2005): 1665
Authors: Samatadze TE, Muravenko OM, Bol'sheva NL, Amosova AB, Gostimsckii SA, Zelenin AV.
Journal: Genetika (2005): 1665
DAPI fluorescence in nuclei isolated from tumors
Authors: Krishan A, D and ekar PD., undefined
Journal: J Histochem Cytochem (2005): 1033
Authors: Krishan A, D and ekar PD., undefined
Journal: J Histochem Cytochem (2005): 1033
Polarized fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of DNA-DAPI complexes
Authors: Barcellona ML, Gammon S, Hazlett T, Digman MA, Gratton E.
Journal: Microsc Res Tech (2004): 205
Authors: Barcellona ML, Gammon S, Hazlett T, Digman MA, Gratton E.
Journal: Microsc Res Tech (2004): 205
DNA quantification in nuclei of cultivated mushroom with DAPI staining
Authors: Pancheva EV, Volkova VN, Kamzolkina OV.
Journal: Tsitologiia (2004): 381
Authors: Pancheva EV, Volkova VN, Kamzolkina OV.
Journal: Tsitologiia (2004): 381
Quantification of sPLA2-induced early and late apoptosis changes in neuronal cell cultures using combined TUNEL and DAPI staining
Authors: Daniel B, DeCoster MA.
Journal: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc (2004): 144
Authors: Daniel B, DeCoster MA.
Journal: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc (2004): 144
DAPI derivative: a fluorescent DNA dye that can be covalently attached to biomolecules
Authors: Li M, Wu RS, Tsai JS.
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2003): 4351
Authors: Li M, Wu RS, Tsai JS.
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett (2003): 4351
FAQ
Do you have any dyes that can stain the nuclei in live cells? Are they also fixable and can I use them to stain fixed cells?
How to measure cell proliferation?
What are common laser lines used in flow cytometry?
What are the most commonly used intercalating DNA dyes?
Do you have any dyes that can stain the nuclei in live cells? Are they also fixable and can I use them to stain fixed cells?
AssayWise
Multicolor Labeling of Cell Nucleus with DNA-Binding Dyes
Intracellular pH Measurement with Dual Excitation Fluorescence Sensor BCFL
A Practical Guide for Labeling Antibodies
Multicolor Labeling of Cell Nucleus with DNA-Binding Dyes
Intracellular pH Measurement with Dual Excitation Fluorescence Sensor BCFL