At nanoscale, material properties can be altered in multiple ways, primarily due to the higher percentage of atoms at the surface. This high surface area to volume ratio has several immediate, general affects.
Other properties of nanoscale materials vary by what the base material is. See Table 1 below.
Nanoparticle Type | Properties |
Carbon-based | Extremely high strength, electrical conductivity |
Ceramic | Heat resistance, chemical inertness |
Metal | High surface energy, small molecule adsorption |
Semiconductor | Wide bandgaps, quantization of energy levels |
Polymeric | Encapsulated morphology, biodegradable/biocompatible |
Lipid-based | Self-assembly, biocompatible |
For more details, see review 'Nanoparticles: Properties, applications, and toxicities' available here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535217300990