Some commonly used markers for macrophages are CD11b, CD68, and F4/80. In addition, other markers can be used to distinguish M1 and M2 macrophages: CD80, CD86, iNOS, and MHC-II can be used to identify M1 macrophages, which are involved in pro-inflammatory and immune responses; CD163, CD206, and CD209 can be used to identify M2 macrophages, which are involved in cell proliferation and tissue repair.