How do mitochondria and peroxisomes work together?

Mitochondria and peroxisomes are two distinct cellular organelles. Although they have different physiological functions, both organelles play key roles in cellular metabolism, particularly in processes such as fatty acid metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the elimination of ROS. Research has shown that mitochondria and peroxisomes engage in metabolic crosstalk, indicating a strong functional interaction between them.

In terms of fatty acid metabolism, mitochondria work by breaking down most long-chain fatty acids and generating acetyl-CoA, which is used for ATP synthesis and anabolic reactions. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation is more oriented toward anabolic processes. While mitochondria and peroxisomes are distinctly independent organelles, their interaction is essential for the metabolism of fatty acids and optimal cell function.