How does DNA methylation influence gene expression?

DNA methylation plays a significant role in regulating gene expression by influencing the interactions between DNA and chromatin proteins, as well as certain transcription factors. DNA methylation is a crucial mechanism in gene regulation as it affects how tightly DNA is packed around chromatin proteins and how accessible it is to transcription factors. When certain regions of DNA are methylated, it can attract specific chromatin proteins that condense the DNA, making it less accessible for transcription. Conversely, demethylated regions are more accessible for transcriptional activity. Additionally, DNA methylation can directly interfere with the binding of transcription factors to their target sequences, either by physically hindering their access or by using proteins that inhibit their function.