The basic shapes of hybridization are: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal-by-pyramidal, and octahedral.
Linearis the first basic shape of hybridization. Two orbitals are connected to a single atom, aligning in the same straight line at 180 degrees. This configuration is found in sp hybridization.
In the trigonal planar shape, an atom is connected to three hybridized orbitals arranged at 120 degrees from the atom's equator. This shape is typically associated with sp2 hybridization.
The tetrahedral shaperesembles a tetrahedron, with four orbitals converging at one atom, each positioned at 109.5 degrees. This shape is commonly formed in molecules undergoing sp3 hybridization. No unhybridized p orbitals exist in the shell when this shape is formed.
The trigonal bipyramidal shape, occurring in molecules with sp3d hybridization, involves an atom at the center connected to five orbitals. This shape can be visualized as two three-dimensional triangles lying at the same base. Three orbitals link to atoms at 109.5 degrees.
The octahedral shaperesults from sp3d2 hybridization. In this shape, six orbitals are linked at right angles (90 degrees) to the atom.