What are the differences between catabolism and anabolism?

Question

Accepted Answer

Basis of differentiation

Catabolism

Anabolism

Definition

Is a metabolic process that breaks down large, complex molecules into small molecules that are easier to absorb

Is a metabolic process in which simple substances are transformed into complex molecules – the process essentially builds molecules required for the body’s functionality

Type of reaction

Is an exergonic reaction

Is an endergonic reaction

Energy & Heat generation/requirement

The process releases ATP energy and does not require any heat

The process requires ATP energy as it absorbs heat

Energy conversion

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

Oxygen utilization

Requires more oxygen

Requires less oxygen

Metabolic phase

Is considered the destructive phase of metabolism

Is considered the constructive phase of metabolism

Hormones Responsible

Cortisol
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Cytokine

Growth hormones
Estrogen
Testosterone
Insulin

Functionality

Is crucial for performing various activities in living entities

Is crucial for growth, maintenance, and storage

Active phase

Is functional during activities

Is functional during rest or sleep

Effect on the human body

Burns calories and fats
Uses the foods stored within cells to generate energy

Furnishes and repairs tissues
Increases muscle mass

Basis of differentiation	Catabolism	Anabolism
Definition	Is a metabolic process that breaks down large, complex molecules into small molecules that are easier to absorb	Is a metabolic process in which simple substances are transformed into complex molecules – the process essentially builds molecules required for the body’s functionality
Type of reaction	Is an exergonic reaction	Is an endergonic reaction
Energy & Heat generation/requirement	The process releases ATP energy and does not require any heat	The process requires ATP energy as it absorbs heat
Energy conversion	Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy	Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy
Oxygen utilization	Requires more oxygen	Requires less oxygen
Metabolic phase	Is considered the destructive phase of metabolism	Is considered the constructive phase of metabolism
Hormones Responsible	Cortisol Adrenaline Glucagon Cytokine	Growth hormones Estrogen Testosterone Insulin
Functionality	Is crucial for performing various activities in living entities	Is crucial for growth, maintenance, and storage
Active phase	Is functional during activities	Is functional during rest or sleep
Effect on the human body	Burns calories and fats Uses the foods stored within cells to generate energy	Furnishes and repairs tissues Increases muscle mass

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