Basis of differentiation | Gram positive cell wall | Gram negative cell wall |
Definition | Refers to the cell wall of Gram positive bacteria | Refers to the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria |
Number of peptidoglycan layers | Multilayered peptidoglycan layer | Single peptidoglycan layer |
Thickness of peptidoglycan layer | Thick peptidoglycan layer about 15 to 80 nm | Thin peptidoglycan layer about 8-12 nm |
Outer membrane | Absent | Present |
Teichoic acids | Present | Absent |
Porin proteins | Absent | Present in the outer membrane |
Periplasmic space | Negligible or absent | Present |
Lipopolysaccharide concentration | Low | High |
Outcome of Gram staining | Stains purple in color | Stains pink in color |
Retention of crystal violet | Retains crystal violet | Does not retain crystal violet |
Resistance against antibiotics | Less resistant | Highly resistant |
Toxicity | Less toxic | More toxic |