Robertsonian Translocation 

• Is a type of chromosomal abnormality caused by the exchange of genetic material between acrocentric chromosome pairs
• Results in the formation of a single, larger chromosome and the loss of two smaller satellite chromosomes
• Does not have major phenotypic consequences in carriers as there is no net gain or loss of genetic material although there is a risk of unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements in offspring

Reciprocal translocation

• Is a type of chromosomal abnormality caused by the balanced exchange of chromosome fragments between non-homologous chromosome pairs
• Results in the exchange of segments of genetic material between the two chromosomes
• The consequences can be varied depending on the breakpoints involved and whether there is a net gain or loss of genetic material