What are the functions of noncoding RNAs?

Noncoding RNAs are broken down into many types: 

• MicroRNAs are approximately 18-22 nucleotides and function in the regulation of gene expression by binding to target mRNAs, leading to mRNA degradation or translational repression. 
• Long noncoding RNAs are typically longer than 200 nucleotides. They have diverse roles in gene regulation, including modulation of chromatin structure, transcriptional regulation, and translation. 
• Small interfering RNAs are approximately 20-25 nucleotides. They mediate the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to degrade specific mRNAs or inhibit their translation. 
• Piwi-interacting RNAs are approximately 24-30 nucleotides. They are involved in establishing and maintaining epigenetic marks that control gene expression. They can also target specific genomic loci to induce changes in chromatin structure, thus influencing gene transcription. 
• Circular RNAs are 100-999 nucleotides long and are covalently closed loop structures. They regulate gene expression by acting as microRNA sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins. 
• Transfer RNAs are approximately 70-90 nucleotides. They function to carry amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis (translation). 
• Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are typically 100-300 nucleotides in length and primarily function in the splicing of pre-mRNA molecules. 
• Y RNAs are typically 80-120 nucleotides in length, and are involved in various cellular processes as components of ribonucleoprotein complexes.