Chromosome translocations refer to a type of abnormality in which a segment of a chromosome breaks and the fragmented pieces attach themselves to a different chromosome or to a new locus on the same chromosome. 

There are two main types of translocations: Reciprocal and Robertsonian. 

• Reciprocal translocation: In a reciprocal translocation, segments from two different chromosomes get exchanged, resulting in two different chromosomes having exchanged segments with each other. 
• Robertsonian translocations:In a Robertsonian translocation, in which an entire chromosome attaches itself to another chromosome at the centromere, which is the pinched center of a chromosome between the p and q arms.