What is protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis refers to the process of creating protein molecules within cells. The three main processes involved in protein synthesis are transcription, translation, and post-translational events such as protein folding, modifications, and proteolysis. Transcription is the first step of protein synthesis. During this process, the mRNA template is transcribed from DNA to generate a template with the help of the enzyme, RNA polymerase. The template is used for the next step, translation. Translation consists of four phases during which the amino acids are linked together in a specific order. The order in which they are linked is based on the genetic code. During post-translation events, which is the last stage in protein synthesis, the newly formed protein is further processed through events such as proteolysis, post-translational modification, and protein folding.