What's the significance of horizontal gene transfer?

It is known that Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is involved in bacteria genome evolution, antibiotic resistance, virulence, genome damage prevention, and has compatibility to environmental stresses. Horizontal gene transfer promotes genetic diversity by allowing organisms to acquire new genes and traits from unrelated species. Additionally, the process of horizontal gene transfer facilitates the evolution of pathogens by enabling them to acquire new genetic information from other organisms, except through traditional parent-to-offspring inheritance. It can lead to the acquisition of novel functions and traits. Bacteria face numerous threats that can damage their genetic material, such as radiation and toxins. HGT can provide mechanisms for DNA repair and protection against these damages by introducing genes encoding repair enzymes or antioxidant proteins. HGT can also contribute to the evolution of bacterial virulence factors, enhancing the ability of pathogens to cause disease. Additionally, this process is involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Genes that provide resistance to antibiotics can be transferred horizontally between bacteria, enabling them to survive exposure to antimicrobial agents and contributing to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Lastly, through HGT, bacteria can acquire genes that enhance their tolerance to these environmental stresses (e.g. temperature extremes), increasing their chances of survival and persistence in harsh habitats.