Which cell organelle is responsible for autophagy?

Lysosomes are the cell organelle responsible for autophagy. They play a crucial role in autophagy by serving as the final destination for autophagosomes, the double-membrane structures that engulf and enclose cellular components to be degraded.

Once autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes, the lysosomal enzymes inside break down the contents of the autophagosome, separating the dysfunctional organelles and misfolded proteins into their basic building blocks. This degradation process is essential for recycling and reusing these cellular components, maintaining cellular health, and ensuring nutrient and energy balance within the cell. In essence, lysosomes are like the recycling centers that break down and repurpose cellular materials during autophagy.