DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]
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Additional ordering information
Telephone | 1-800-990-8053 |
Fax | 1-800-609-2943 |
sales@aatbio.com | |
International | See distributors |
Bulk request | Inquire |
Custom size | Inquire |
Shipping | Standard overnight for United States, inquire for international |
Physical properties
Molecular weight | 1013.39 |
Solvent | DMSO |
Spectral properties
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 2700001 |
Excitation (nm) | 754 |
Emission (nm) | 778 |
Storage, safety and handling
Certificate of Origin | Download PDF |
H-phrase | H303, H313, H333 |
Hazard symbol | XN |
Intended use | Research Use Only (RUO) |
R-phrase | R20, R21, R22 |
Storage | Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure |
UNSPSC | 12352200 |
Overview | ![]() ![]() |
See also: Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane Potential Activity & Analysis, Plasma Membrane, Membrane Potential and Channels, Neurodegeneration & Amyloid Staining
CAS 100068-60-8 | Molecular weight 1013.39 | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) 2700001 | Excitation (nm) 754 | Emission (nm) 778 |
DiI, DiO, DiD and DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence and short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) and DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO and DiI can be used with standard FITC and TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, and has much longer excitation and emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells and tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells and tissues and low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.
Calculators
Common stock solution preparation
Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide] to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.
0.1 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 98.679 µL | 493.393 µL | 986.787 µL | 4.934 mL | 9.868 mL |
5 mM | 19.736 µL | 98.679 µL | 197.357 µL | 986.787 µL | 1.974 mL |
10 mM | 9.868 µL | 49.339 µL | 98.679 µL | 493.393 µL | 986.787 µL |
Molarity calculator
Enter any two values (mass, volume, concentration) to calculate the third.
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Spectrum
Open in Advanced Spectrum Viewer


Spectral properties
Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) | 2700001 |
Excitation (nm) | 754 |
Emission (nm) | 778 |
Product Family
Name | Excitation (nm) | Emission (nm) | Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1) |
Propidium iodide *CAS 25535-16-4* | 537 | 618 | 60001 |
Propidium iodide *10 mM aqueous solution* | 537 | 618 | 60001 |
DiI iodide [1,1-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3- tetramethylindocarbocyanine iodide] | 550 | 564 | 148000 |
Images

Figure 1. Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).

Figure 3. Staining of microtumors with DIR-RGD-NP. Fluorescence spectral images from dissected intestines and the attached mesentery. Images shown are from mCherry channel (red; left column) and DIR channel (green; middle column). The merged images (right column) demonstrate the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (white arrow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n = 4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n = 12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.

Figure 4. Enhanced retention and better colocalization in vivo with DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of soluble DIR, DIR-NP, or DIR-RGD-NP given every other day. mCherry (red) and DIR (green) fluorescent images were obtained in live animals at designated time points 24 h after the 4th dose. Images shown are merged images demonstrating the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (yellow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n = 4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n = 12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.

Figure 5. Staining and delineation of tumors and tumor-associated vasculature by DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of DIR-RGD-NP given every other day (n = 12). (A–D) Gross tumors appear distinctly stained compared to the intestines. Staining is specific to tumor-associated vasculature (white arrow), which can be easily contrasted to the normal vasculature (yellow arrow); (E,F) Tumors under the diaphragm are likewise stained; (F) Micrometastasis (blue arrow) is visible due to DIR-stained vessels (white arrow) and is contrasted against normal vessels (yellow arrow). Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.

Figure 6. Specificity of detection is maintained with one time dosing of DIR-RGD-NP. (A) Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given a single dose of DIR-RGD-NP (“higher dose” indicated in Table 1; n = 4). Stereoscopic images show detection of micrometastasis by white light. White arrows point to micrometastasis. M, mesentery; I, instestines. (B) i, Ex vivo imaging and colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals in dissected tumors; ii, quantification of DIR intensity and penetration in cross-sectioned tumors. Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.

Figure 7. Delineation of tumor-associated vasculature with DIR-RGD-NP. (A) Delineation of tumor vascularity. White light image of tumors showing the outline of tumor-associated vasculature only when dye was administered in RGD-coated nanoparticles; (B) Ex vivo imaging and colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals in dissected tumors (from top: 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm in size); (C) Quantification of DIR MFI, data shows mean ± SEM, *p < 0.002 compared to soluble DIR and p < 0.0237 compared to DIR-NP; (D) Quantification of DIR intensity and penetration in cross-sectioned tumors; a representative animal for each delivery system is shown in A, B, and D; (n = 4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n = 12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.

Figure 8. Identification of micrometastasis by white light. Stereoscopic images comparing specificity and sensitivity of the described nanoparticle platform (full data in Table 2). Squared area and white arrows point to micrometastasis. M, mesentery; I, intestines; a representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n = 4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n = 12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model by Alvero et al., Scientific Reports, Jan. 2017.
Citations
View all 135 citations: Citation Explorer
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Authors: Meng, Zitong and Liao, Yuxiao and Peng, Zhao and Zhou, Xiaolei and Zhou, Huanhuan and N{\"u}ssler, Andreas K and Liu, Liegang and Yang, Wei
Journal: Antioxidants (2023): 588
Authors: Meng, Zitong and Liao, Yuxiao and Peng, Zhao and Zhou, Xiaolei and Zhou, Huanhuan and N{\"u}ssler, Andreas K and Liu, Liegang and Yang, Wei
Journal: Antioxidants (2023): 588
Ginsenoside Rb1 stabilized and paclitaxel/protopanaxadiol co-loaded nanoparticles for synergistic treatment of breast tumor
Authors: Lu, Likang and Ao, Hui and Fu, Jingxin and Li, Manzhen and Guo, Yaoyao and Guo, Yifei and Han, Meihua and Shi, Rongxing and Wang, Xiangtao
Journal: Biomedicine \& Pharmacotherapy (2023): 114870
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Journal: Biomedicine \& Pharmacotherapy (2023): 114870
A novel micellar carrier to reverse multidrug resistance of tumours: TPGS derivatives with end-grafted cholesterol
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Journal: Journal of Drug Targeting (2023): 1--28
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Apoptotic neutrophil-mediated inflammatory microenvironment regulation for the treatment of ARDS
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Journal: Stem cell research \& therapy (2022): 1--20
Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of CBD with Good Tolerance in the Treatment of Breast Cancer through Nanoencapsulation and in Combination with 20 (S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD)
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Journal: Pharmaceutics (2022): 1533
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Journal: Pharmaceutics (2022): 1533
The anti-tumor and renoprotection study of E-[c (RGDfK) 2]/folic acid co-modified nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride/salvianolic acid A
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Application notes
A New Red Fluorescent & Robust Screen Quest™ Rhod-4™ Ca2+Indicator for Screening GPCR & Ca2+ Channel Targets
A New Robust No-Wash FLIPR Calcium Assay Kit for Screening GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
A Novel NO Wash Probeniceid-Free Calcium Assay for Functional Analysis of GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
Evaluation of FLIPR Calcium Assays for Screening GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
Introducing Calbryte™ Series
A New Robust No-Wash FLIPR Calcium Assay Kit for Screening GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
A Novel NO Wash Probeniceid-Free Calcium Assay for Functional Analysis of GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
Evaluation of FLIPR Calcium Assays for Screening GPCR and Calcium Channel Targets
Introducing Calbryte™ Series