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DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]

DiI, DiO, DiD and DiR dyes are a family of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water. They have high extinction coefficients, polarity-dependent fluorescence and short excited-state lifetimes. Once applied to cells, these dyes diffuse laterally within the cellular plasma membranes, resulting in even staining of the entire cell at their optimal concentrations. The distinct fluorescence colors of DiI (orange fluorescence), DiO (green fluorescence), DiD (red fluorescence) and DiR (deep red fluorescent) provide a convenient tool for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric analysis of live cells. DiO and DiI can be used with standard FITC and TRITC filters respectively. Among them DiD is well excited by the 633 nm He-Ne laser, and has much longer excitation and emission wavelengths than those of DiI, providing a valuable alternative for labeling cells and tissues that have significant intrinsic fluorescence. DiR might be useful for in vivo imaging or tracing due to the effective transmission of infrared light through cells and tissues and low level of autofluorescence in the infrared range.

Calculators

Common stock solution preparation

Table 1. Volume of DMSO needed to reconstitute specific mass of DiR iodide [1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide] to given concentration. Note that volume is only for preparing stock solution. Refer to sample experimental protocol for appropriate experimental/physiological buffers.

0.1 mg0.5 mg1 mg5 mg10 mg
1 mM98.679 µL493.393 µL986.787 µL4.934 mL9.868 mL
5 mM19.736 µL98.679 µL197.357 µL986.787 µL1.974 mL
10 mM9.868 µL49.339 µL98.679 µL493.393 µL986.787 µL

Molarity calculator

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Spectrum

Product family

NameExcitation (nm)Emission (nm)Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)Quantum yield
Propidium iodide *CAS 25535-16-4*537618600010.21
Propidium iodide *10 mM aqueous solution*537618600010.21
DiI iodide [1,1-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3- tetramethylindocarbocyanine iodide]550564148000-
Propidium iodide *1 mg/mL aqueous solution*537618600010.21

Citations

View all 149 citations: Citation Explorer
Pleiotropy of biomineralized bacterial outer membrane vesicles in modulating immune systems for liver cancer therapy
Authors: Luo, Ying and Xu, Zhongsheng and Du, Qianying and Xu, Lian and Wang, Yi and Xu, Jie and Wang, Junrui and Chen, Sijin and Zhang, Wenli and Liu, Bo and others,
Journal: Chemical Engineering Journal (2024): 155592
A comparative study of PEO-PBO content on the targeting and anti-glioma activity of annonaceous acetogenins-loaded nanomicelles
Authors: Ao, Hui and Fu, Yao and Wang, Xiangtao
Journal: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces (2024): 114176
Gouqi-derived nanovesicles (GqDNVs) inhibited dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy associating with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1$\alpha$ signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou, Xiaolei and Xu, Shiyin and Zhang, Zixuan and Tang, Mingmeng and Meng, Zitong and Peng, Zhao and Liao, Yuxiao and Yang, Xuefeng and N{\"u}ssler, Andreas K and Liu, Liegang and others,
Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2024)
Tumor Supplying Artery Injection of Liposome@ Sunitinib Could Effectively Inhibit the Progression of Kidney Tumor
Authors: Fu, Qingfeng and Li, Gang and Wang, Lin and Yin, Chunyang and Yi, Bocun and Huang, Yue and Su, Qiang and Zhang, Zhihong and Zhu, Jianqiang
Journal: ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces (2024)
Biomineralized bacterial outer membrane vesicles exert pleiotropic immunoferroptotic effects on immune-deserted liver cancer
Authors: Luo, Ying and Xu, Zhongsheng and Du, Qianying and Xu, Lian and Wang, Yi and Xu, Jie and Wang, Junrui and Chen, Sijin and Zhang, Wenli and Liu, Bo and others,
Journal: (2024)

References

View all 92 references: Citation Explorer
Use of lipophilic near-infrared dye in whole-body optical imaging of hematopoietic cell homing
Authors: Kalchenko V, Shivtiel S, Malina V, Lapid K, Haramati S, Lapidot T, Brill A, Harmelin A.
Journal: J Biomed Opt (2006): 50507
Confocal laser scanning microscopy using dialkylcarbocyanine dyes for cell tracing in hard and soft biomaterials
Authors: Heinrich L, Freyria AM, Melin M, Tourneur Y, Maksoud R, Bernengo JC, Hartmann DJ.
Journal: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. (2006)
In vivo imaging and counting of rat retinal ganglion cells using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Authors: Higashide T, Kawaguchi I, Ohkubo S, Takeda H, Sugiyama K.
Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2006): 2943
Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Aplysia punctata
Authors: Wertz A, Rossler W, Obermayer M, Bickmeyer U.
Journal: Front Zool (2006): 6
Nox2, Ca2+, and protein kinase C play a role in angiotensin II-induced free radical production in nucleus tractus solitarius
Authors: Wang G, Anrather J, Glass MJ, Tarsitano MJ, Zhou P, Frys KA, Pickel VM, Iadecola C.
Journal: Hypertension (2006): 482
Page updated on October 4, 2024

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Catalog Number22070
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Physical properties

Molecular weight

1013.39

Solvent

DMSO

Spectral properties

Extinction coefficient (cm -1 M -1)

2700001

Excitation (nm)

754

Emission (nm)

778

Storage, safety and handling

Certificate of OriginDownload PDF
H-phraseH303, H313, H333
Hazard symbolXN
Intended useResearch Use Only (RUO)
R-phraseR20, R21, R22

Storage

Freeze (< -15 °C); Minimize light exposure
UNSPSC12352200

CAS

100068-60-8
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070). Nuclei were co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (Cat No. 17530).
Live HeLa cell plasma membrane staining using DiR (Cat No. 22070).
Staining of microtumors with DIR-RGD-NP. Fluorescence spectral images from dissected intestines and the attached mesentery. Images shown are from mCherry channel (red; left column) and DIR channel (green; middle column). The merged images (right column) demonstrate the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (white arrow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12 for DIR-RGD-NP). Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model</strong> by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.
Enhanced retention and better colocalization <em>in vivo</em> with DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of soluble DIR, DIR-NP, or DIR-RGD-NP given every other day. mCherry (red) and DIR (green) fluorescent images were obtained in live animals at designated time points 24&thinsp;h after the 4th dose. Images shown are merged images demonstrating the best colocalization of mCherry and DIR signals (yellow) in animals that received DIR-RGD-NP. A representative animal for each delivery system is shown; (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;4 for soluble DIR and DIR-NP; n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12 for DIR-RGD-NP). &nbsp;Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model</strong> by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.
Staining and delineation of tumors and tumor-associated vasculature by DIR-RGD-NP. Upon establishment of tumors (ROI~40,000), mice were given four doses of DIR-RGD-NP given every other day (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;12). (A&ndash;D) Gross tumors appear distinctly stained compared to the intestines. Staining is specific to tumor-associated vasculature (white arrow), which can be easily contrasted to the normal vasculature (yellow arrow); (E,F) Tumors under the diaphragm are likewise stained; (F) Micrometastasis (blue arrow) is visible due to DIR-stained vessels (white arrow) and is contrasted against normal vessels (yellow arrow). Source: <strong>Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model </strong>by Alvero et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em>, Jan. 2017.