2D cell culture is performed on a flat substrate such as a petri dish. In this method, cell growth and division takes place in a single plane. The cells are placed onto a coated surface to help them adhere and proliferate. It is a stable, successful, and well-established technique that’s used in all types of in vitro research studies. Cells are easy to observe and measure in 2D culture.  The downside is that it does not represent a real cell environment. In addition, there are a few issues caused by the expansion of cells and growth media.