What is the difference between nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes in western blot?

Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose are the two types of membranes that are most commonly used in western blot. The major differences between them are as follows:

• Protein binding capacity: PVDF has a higher protein binding capacity (170-200 ug/cm2) than nitrocellulose (80-100 ug/cm2). Therefore, PVDF is more capable for sensitive detection, facilitating the application in detecting lowly expressed proteins. Nitrocellulose membrane, on the other hand, has a lower sensitivity, but it would produce lower background noises comparing to PVDF.
• Physical characteristics: PVDF is more durable and resistant to chemicals, while nitrocellulose is brittle and fragile. PVDF is generally a better choice for experiment that requires stripping and re-probing of the membrane.
• Transfer buffer condition: Nitrocellulose requires the use of methanol in the transfer buffer, while PVDF membranes can be used with methanol-free buffer. However, PVDF must be pre-wetted with methanol before using.