Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose are the two types of membranes that are most commonly used in western blot. The major differences between them are as follows:

• Protein binding capacity: PVDF has a higher protein binding capacity (170-200 ug/cm2) than nitrocellulose (80-100 ug/cm2). Therefore, PVDF is more capable for sensitive detection, facilitating the application in detecting lowly expressed proteins. Nitrocellulose membrane, on the other hand, has a lower sensitivity, but it would produce lower background noises comparing to PVDF.
• Physical characteristics: PVDF is more durable and resistant to chemicals, while nitrocellulose is brittle and fragile. PVDF is generally a better choice for experiment that requires stripping and re-probing of the membrane.
• Transfer buffer condition: Nitrocellulose requires the use of methanol in the transfer buffer, while PVDF membranes can be used with methanol-free buffer. However, PVDF must be pre-wetted with methanol before using.