Basis of Differentiation | Autosomes | Allosomes |
Definition | Autosomes are the chromosomes that determine somatic or physical characteristics of an organism. | Allosomes are sex chromosomes that contain genes and determine the sex and sex-linked inheritance of an organism. |
Number in the human genome | The human genome has 22 pairs of autosomes. Each autosome has several genes each of which performs unique and specific functions. | The human genome has 1 pair of allosomes. |
Appearance in humans | The pair of autosomes are homologous in humans. | The pair may differ from one another in humans. Female allosomes are homologous while male allosomes are non-homologous. |
Influence in determining sex characteristics | Do not have any influence on the determination of sex and related characteristics. | Have a significant role in sex determination. During meiosis, the X and the Y chromosomes pair together and this pairing influences sex determination. |