What are the differences between DNA and chromosome?

DNA and chromosomes form the core genetic components in any organism. There are a few significant differences between the two. 

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA is the fundamental molecule that carries the genetic information of all living organisms. It is composed of nucleotide monomers of four nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

DNA is condensed and packed into chromosomes with the help of histones, which are a special type of proteins. 

The primary function of DNA is to carry the genetic information within a cell. 

DNA can be identified by gel electrophoresis. 

Chromosome

Chromosome is the highest organized structure containing condensed DNA double helix with histone proteins. 

The primary function of chromosomes is to organize DNA into chromosomes and regulate transcription. 

Chromosomes can be identified through microscopy or karyotyping.