What are the differences between mitochondrial dna and chloroplast dna?

Question

Accepted Answer

Basis of differentiation

Mitochondrial DNA

Chloroplast DNA

Definition

Mitochondrial DNA is present in mitochondria

Chloroplast DNA is present in chloroplasts of plant cells

Size

Human mitochondrial DNA contains approximately 16569 base pairs

Chloroplast DNA contains approximately 120,000 to 170,000 base pairs

Number of genes

37

123

Location

Present in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells

Present in the chloroplasts of all plant cells

Shape of DNA

It is both circular and linear

It is primarily circular shaped (only linear shaped in rare cases)

Abbreviation

mtDNA

cpDNA or plastome

Function

The genes in the mitochondrial DNA play a role in oxidative phosphorylation for production of ATPs and in synthesis of proteins

The chloroplast genes play an important role in photosynthesis of plants

Basis of differentiation	Mitochondrial DNA	Chloroplast DNA
Definition	Mitochondrial DNA is present in mitochondria	Chloroplast DNA is present in chloroplasts of plant cells
Size	Human mitochondrial DNA contains approximately 16569 base pairs	Chloroplast DNA contains approximately 120,000 to 170,000 base pairs
Number of genes	37	123
Location	Present in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells	Present in the chloroplasts of all plant cells
Shape of DNA	It is both circular and linear	It is primarily circular shaped (only linear shaped in rare cases)
Abbreviation	mtDNA	cpDNA or plastome
Function	The genes in the mitochondrial DNA play a role in oxidative phosphorylation for production of ATPs and in synthesis of proteins	The chloroplast genes play an important role in photosynthesis of plants