Fixatives are chemicals that act as preservatives or stabilizing agents. They perform various functions and are used extensively in the fields of histology, cell biology, and pathology.
Fixatives perform these important functions:
Prevent autolysis and putrefaction, which helps to preserve cells, tissues and subcellular substances as close as possible to their original living state
Render cell components insoluble, thus protecting them from changes by subsequent treatments
Harden tissues, making gross cutting easier
Protect tissues from osmotic damage, which helps tissues retain their original size and shape during processing
Make tissue more permeable for subsequent reagents
Facilitate clear staining of sections
Emphasize the differences in refractive index, which improves optical differentiation of cells and tissues